5hod
From Proteopedia
Structure of LHX4 transcription factor complexed with DNA
Structural highlights
DiseaseLHX4_HUMAN Hypothyroidism due to deficient transcription factors involved in pituitary development or function;Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome;Short stature - pituitary and cerebellar defects - small sella turcica. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. A chromosomal aberration involving LHX4 may be a cause of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Translocation t(1;14)(q25;q32) with IGHG1.[1] FunctionLHX4_HUMAN May play a critical role in the development of respiratory control mechanisms and in the normal growth and maturation of the lung. Publication Abstract from PubMedThe majority of CpG dinucleotides in the human genome are methylated at cytosine bases. However, active gene regulatory elements are generally hypomethylated relative to their flanking regions, and the binding of some transcription factors (TFs) is diminished by methylation of their target sequences. By analysis of 542 human TFs with methylation-sensitive SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment), we found that there are also many TFs that prefer CpG-methylated sequences. Most of these are in the extended homeodomain family. Structural analysis showed that homeodomain specificity for methylcytosine depends on direct hydrophobic interactions with the methylcytosine 5-methyl group. This study provides a systematic examination of the effect of an epigenetic DNA modification on human TF binding specificity and reveals that many developmentally important proteins display preference for mCpG-containing sequences. Impact of cytosine methylation on DNA binding specificities of human transcription factors.,Yin Y, Morgunova E, Jolma A, Kaasinen E, Sahu B, Khund-Sayeed S, Das PK, Kivioja T, Dave K, Zhong F, Nitta KR, Taipale M, Popov A, Ginno PA, Domcke S, Yan J, Schubeler D, Vinson C, Taipale J Science. 2017 May 5;356(6337). pii: eaaj2239. doi: 10.1126/science.aaj2239. PMID:28473536[2] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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