6fd3
From Proteopedia
Thiophosphorylated PAK3 kinase domain
Structural highlights
Disease[PAK3_HUMAN] X-linked non-syndromic intellectual disability. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. Function[PAK3_HUMAN] Serine/threonine protein kinase that plays a role in a variety of different signaling pathways including cytoskeleton regulation, cell migration, or cell cycle regulation. Plays a role in dendrite spine morphogenesis as well as synapse formation and plasticity. Acts as downstream effector of the small GTPases CDC42 and RAC1. Activation by the binding of active CDC42 and RAC1 results in a conformational change and a subsequent autophosphorylation on several serine and/or threonine residues. Phosphorylates MAPK4 and MAPK6 and activates the downstream target MAPKAPK5, a regulator of F-actin polymerization and cell migration. Additionally, phosphorylates TNNI3/troponin I to modulate calcium sensitivity and relaxation kinetics of thin myofilaments. May also be involved in early neuronal development.[1] Publication Abstract from PubMedThe group A p21-activated kinases (PAKs) exist in an auto-inhibited form until activated by GTPase binding and auto-phosphorylation. In the auto-inhibited form, a regulatory domain binds to the kinase domain (KD) blocking the binding of substrates, and CDC42 or Rac binding to the regulatory domain relieves this auto-inhibition allowing auto-phosphorylation on the KD activation loop. We have determined the crystal structure of the PAK3 catalytic domain and by small angle X-ray scattering, the solution-phase structures of full-length inactive PAK1 and PAK3. The structures reveal a compact but elongated molecular shape that demonstrates that, together with multiple independent biophysical measurements and in contrast with previous assumptions, group A PAKs are monomeric both before and after activation, consistent with an activation mechanism of cis-auto-inhibition and initial cis-auto-phosphorylation, followed by transient dimerisation to allow trans-auto-phosphorylation for full activation, yielding a monomeric active PAK protein. Solution structures and biophysical analysis of full-length group A PAKs reveal they are monomeric and auto-inhibited in cis.,Sorrell FJ, Kilian LM, Elkins JM Biochem J. 2019 Apr 4;476(7):1037-1051. doi: 10.1042/BCJ20180867. PMID:30858169[2] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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