SEE ALSO:
Function
Aldo-keto reductase (AKR) is a protein family which contains enzymes that reduce carbonyl substrates like sugar aldehyde, keto-steroid, keto-prostaglandin, retinal, quinones and lipid peroxidation by-products to primary alcohol[1]. AKR uses NADP as a cofactor. AKRs contain a conserved catalytic tetrad consisting of Tyr, Asp, Lys and His.
- AKR1B10 reduces aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes. It is expressed in adrenal gland, small intestines and colon.
- AKRB14 is involved in synthesis of prostaglandin F and detoxification of products of lipid peroxidation.
- AKR1D1 is responsible for the catalysis of 5-β-reduction of bile acid intermediates and steroid hormones carrying a δ(4)-3-one structure.
Disease
Mutations in AKR1D1 cause a form of bile acid deficiency which can be fatal in newborns[2]. AKR1D1 inhibitor Finasteride is used as treatment for benign prostate hyperplasia.
Structural highlights
The active site of AKR1B10 contains the cofactor and a . Water molecules are shown as red spheres.
- are part of the enzyme catalytic tetrad[3].
- .
3D structures of aldo-keto reductase
Aldo-keto reductase 3D structures