CTLA-4
From Proteopedia
FunctionCTLA4 or Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Associated protein 4 or CD152 is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily that is expressed by activated T cells and transmits an inhibitory signal to T cells. CTLA4 is homologous to the T-cell co-stimulatory protein, CD28, and both molecules bind to CD80 and CD86, also called B7-1 and B7-2 respectively, on antigen-presenting cells[1]. CTLA-4 binds CD80 and CD86 with greater affinity and avidity than CD28 thus enabling it to outcompete CD28 for its ligands. CTLA4 transmits an inhibitory signal to T cells,[10][11][12][7] whereas CD28 transmits a stimulatory signal.[13][14] CTLA4 is also found in regulatory T cells (Tregs) and contributes to their inhibitory function. T cell activation through the T cell receptor and CD28 leads to increased expression of CTLA-4. See also CTLA4 Gene (Protein Coding) Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Associated Protein 4.
DiseaseVariants in this gene have been associated with Type 1 diabetes[2], Graves' disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis[3], celiac disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, thyroid-associated orbitopathy, primary biliary cirrhosis and other autoimmune diseases. Structural highlightsThe protein contains an extracellular V domain, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic tail. Alternate splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. The membrane-bound isoform functions as a homodimer interconnected by a disulfide bond, while the soluble isoform functions as a monomer. The intracellular domain is similar to that of CD28. [4]. CTLA-4 residues are shown in ball-and-stick representation, while CD80 residues are in spacefill. 3D structures of CTLA-4Updated on 08-January-2023 1ah1 - hCTLA-4 - NMR References
References https://www.wikiwand.com/en/CTLA-4 | ||||||||||||
