Growth differentiation factor

From Proteopedia

Structure of growth differentiation factor GDF-5 (green and aqua) complex with bone morphogenetic receptor (pink and olive) (PDB entry 3evs) Show:Asymmetric Unit Biological Assembly Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate   Export Animated Image Growth differentiation factor (GDF) are proteins which function in development. GDF-2 or bone morphogenetic protein 9 maintains the response of cholinergic neurons to acetylcholine. GDF-5 is expressed in the central nervous system and is involved in the development of joints and skeleton[1]. GDF-8 or myostatin, controls the growth of muscle tissue[2]. For more details see Group:MUZIC:Myostatin. GDF-11 or bone morphogenetic protein 11 is a circulating factor that reverses age-related cardiac hypertrophy[3]. GDF-15 or placental bone morphogenetic protein protects the hart from ischmia and reperfusion injury[4]. See also Growth factors and Bone morphogenetic protein. 3D structures of growth differentiation factor Growth differentiation factor 3D STRUCTURES

References

1. ↑ Jin L, Li X. Growth differentiation factor 5 regulation in bone regeneration. Curr Pharm Des. 2013;19(19):3364-73. PMID:23432680
2. ↑ Ferrell RE, Conte V, Lawrence EC, Roth SM, Hagberg JM, Hurley BF. Frequent sequence variation in the human myostatin (GDF8) gene as a marker for analysis of muscle-related phenotypes. Genomics. 1999 Dec 1;62(2):203-7. PMID:10610713 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/geno.1999.5984
3. ↑ Loffredo FS, Steinhauser ML, Jay SM, Gannon J, Pancoast JR, Yalamanchi P, Sinha M, Dall'Osso C, Khong D, Shadrach JL, Miller CM, Singer BS, Stewart A, Psychogios N, Gerszten RE, Hartigan AJ, Kim MJ, Serwold T, Wagers AJ, Lee RT. Growth differentiation factor 11 is a circulating factor that reverses age-related cardiac hypertrophy. Cell. 2013 May 9;153(4):828-39. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.04.015. PMID:23663781 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2013.04.015
4. ↑ Ago T, Sadoshima J. GDF15, a cardioprotective TGF-beta superfamily protein. Circ Res. 2006 Feb 17;98(3):294-7. doi: 10.1161/01.RES.0000207919.83894.9d. PMID:16484622 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.RES.0000207919.83894.9d