From Proteopedia

Youngsen Jeng University of Maryland, Baltimore County Undergraduate Student Biological Science

Partnered with Youngdae Kim for a project. University of Maryland, Baltimore County Undergraduate Student Biological Science

Project

PDB ID 2gls Show:Asymmetric Unit Biological Assembly Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate   Export Animated Image
2gls, resolution 3.50Å ()
Ligands:
Activity:	Glutamate--ammonia ligase, with EC number 6.3.1.2
Structural annotation: Resources: CATH : 2Glsa02, 2Glsa01, 2Glsb02, 2Glsb01, 2Glsc01, 2Glsc02, 2Glsd02, 2Glsd01, 2Glse02, 2Glse01, 2Glsf02, 2Glsf01, 2Glsg01, 2Glsg02, 2Glsh02, 2Glsh01, 2Glsi02, 2Glsi01, 2Glsj01, 2Glsj02, 2Glsk01, 2Glsk02, 2Glsl02, 2Glsl01 InterPro : Ipr014746, Ipr008146, Ipr001637, Ipr008147, Ipr004809 Pfam : PF00120, PF03951 SCOP : d2glsa2, d2glsa1, d2glsb2, d2glsb1, d2glsc1, d2glsc2, d2glsd2, d2glsd1, d2glse2, d2glse1, d2glsf1, d2glsf2, d2glsg2, d2glsg1, d2glsh2, d2glsh1, d2glsi2, d2glsi1, d2glsj2, d2glsj1, d2glsk1, d2glsk2, d2glsl2, d2glsl1 UniProt : P0A1P6
Functional annotation: Cellular component: cytoplasm Biological process: nitrogen compound metabolic process glutamine biosynthetic process nitrogen fixation Molecular function: ligase activity nucleotide binding glutamate-ammonia ligase activity catalytic activity
Evolutionary conservation: Toggle Conservation Colors: Rows = identical sequences: Further Information: Caveats, Explanation, Complete Results at ConSurfDB
Resources:	FirstGlance, OCA, PDBsum, RCSB
Coordinates:	save as pdb, mmCIF, xml

Outline of the Project

Glutamine synthetase(GS) is an enzyme that plays an essential role in the metabolism of nitrogen by catalyzing the condensation of glutamate and ammonia to form glutamine. Class I enzymes (GSI) are specific to prokaryotes, and are oligomers of The activity of Glutamine Synthetase I-type enzyme is controlled by the

The positively charged monovalent cation contributes to the structural stability of GS. Ginsburg and Stadtman(1973) concluded that dodecameric E. coli Glutamine Synthetase is stabilized by , and that monovalent cations stabilize of the quaternary structure of GS. Stabilization by the monovalent cation may be due both to the electrostatic effects of its positive charge and to other components of the energy of the metal-protein bonding. Interactions of the positively charged monovalent cation with the negatively charged substrate glutamate, , , and could strengthen the active conformation<Insert wiki here>. Because Ser 53’and Asp 50’reside at the subunit contact surface, the monovalent cation enhances the “side to side” intersubunit interaction.

Structural stabilization of Glutamine Synthetase by divalent cations, especially by the n1 ion<Insert wiki here>, has been ascribed to the attraction of their positive charges to the negative charges of glutamate and ATP and of their ligands<Insert wiki here> (Liaw et al., 1993~).

The structure of the dodecamer exposes several beta loops which are important in stabilizing quaternary structure of Glutamine Synthetase. One beta loop consists of 156-173, projects into the of the dodecamer. Another beta loop is the , so called because it contains tyrosyine residue 397 which is covalently modified by addition of AMP.

FINAL PROJECT

Glutamine synthetase(GS) is an enzyme that plays an essential role in the metabolism of nitrogen by catalyzing the condensation of glutamate and ammonia to form glutamine. Glutamine Synthetase I is prokaryotic enzyme and it is consisted of oligomers of . The activity of Glutamine Synthetase I-type enzyme is controlled by the
.^[1]

The positively charged monovalent cation contributes to the structural stability of GS. Ginsburg and Stadtman(1973) concluded that dodecameric E. coli Glutamine Synthetase is stabilized by , and that monovalent cations stabilize of the quaternary structure of Glutamine Synthetase. Stabilization by the monovalent cation may be due both to the electrostatic effects of its positive charge and to other components of the energy of the metal-protein bonding. Interactions of the positively charged monovalent cation with the negatively charged substrate glutamate, , , and could strengthen the active conformation. Because Ser 53’and Asp 50’reside at the subunit contact surface, the monovalent cation enhances the “side to side” intersubunit interaction.^[2]

The structure of the dodecamer exposes several beta loops which are important in stabilizing quaternary structure of Glutamine Synthetase. One beta loop consists of 156-173, projects into the of the dodecamer. Another beta loop is the , so called because it contains tyrosyine residue 397 which is covalently modified by addition of AMP.^[3]

References

1. ↑ Gill, H & Eisenberg, D., Biochemistry 2001 40: 1903-1912
2. ↑ Liaw, S-H, et.al.,Discovery of the ammonium substrate site on glutamine synthetase, a third cation binding site Protein Sci. 1995 4: 2358-2365
3. ↑ Eisenberg, D., et.al., Structure-function relationships of glutamine synthetases, Biochim Biophys Acta 2000: 1477, 122-145