2bij
Crystal structure of the human protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPN5 (STEP, striatum enriched enriched Phosphatase)
Structural highlights
FunctionPTN5_HUMAN May regulate the activity of several effector molecules involved in synaptic plasticity and neuronal cell survival, including MAPKs, Src family kinases and NMDA receptors.[1] Evolutionary Conservation Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf. Publication Abstract from PubMedProtein tyrosine phosphatases PTPN5, PTPRR and PTPN7 comprise a family of phosphatases that specifically inactivate MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinases). We have determined high-resolution structures of all of the human family members, screened them against a library of 24000 compounds and identified two classes of inhibitors, cyclopenta[c]quinolinecarboxylic acids and 2,5-dimethylpyrrolyl benzoic acids. Comparative structural analysis revealed significant differences within this conserved family that could be explored for the design of selective inhibitors. PTPN5 crystallized, in two distinct crystal forms, with a sulphate ion in close proximity to the active site and the WPD (Trp-Pro-Asp) loop in a unique conformation, not seen in other PTPs, ending in a 3(10)-helix. In the PTPN7 structure, the WPD loop was in the closed conformation and part of the KIM (kinase-interaction motif) was visible, which forms an N-terminal aliphatic helix with the phosphorylation site Thr66 in an accessible position. The WPD loop of PTPRR was open; however, in contrast with the structure of its mouse homologue, PTPSL, a salt bridge between the conserved lysine and aspartate residues, which has been postulated to confer a more rigid loop structure, thereby modulating activity in PTPSL, does not form in PTPRR. One of the identified inhibitor scaffolds, cyclopenta[c]quinoline, was docked successfully into PTPRR, suggesting several possibilities for hit expansion. The determined structures together with the established SAR (structure-activity relationship) propose new avenues for the development of selective inhibitors that may have therapeutic potential for treating neurodegenerative diseases in the case of PTPRR or acute myeloblastic leukaemia targeting PTPN7. Crystal structures and inhibitor identification for PTPN5, PTPRR and PTPN7: a family of human MAPK-specific protein tyrosine phosphatases.,Eswaran J, von Kries JP, Marsden B, Longman E, Debreczeni JE, Ugochukwu E, Turnbull A, Lee WH, Knapp S, Barr AJ Biochem J. 2006 May 1;395(3):483-91. PMID:16441242[2] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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