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A COMPARISON OF THE ANTI-RHINOVIRAL DRUG BINDING POCKET IN HRV14 AND HRV1A
Structural highlights
FunctionPOLG_HRV1A Protein VP1: Forms, together with VP2 and VP3, an icosahedral capsid (pseudo T=3), 300 Angstroms in diameter, composed of 60 copies of each capsid protein and enclosing the viral positive strand RNA genome. Protein VP1 mainly forms the vertices of the capsid. VP1 interacts with host cell receptor VLDLR to provide virion attachment to target cell. This attachment induces virion internalization through a cell-type specific entry mechanism. After binding to its receptor, the capsid undergoes conformational changes. VP1 N-terminus (that contains an amphipathic alpha-helix) is externalized, VP4 is released and together, they shape a virion-cell connecting channel and a pore in the host membrane through which RNase-protected transfer of the viral genome takes place. After genome has been released, the channel shrinks (By similarity). Protein VP2: Forms, together with VP1 and VP3, an icosahedral capsid (pseudo T=3), 300 Angstroms in diameter, composed of 60 copies of each capsid protein and enclosing the viral positive strand RNA genome (By similarity). Protein VP3: Forms, together with VP1 and VP2, an icosahedral capsid (pseudo T=3), 300 Angstroms in diameter, composed of 60 copies of each capsid protein and enclosing the viral positive strand RNA genome (By similarity). Protein VP4: Lies on the inner surface of the capsid shell. After binding to the host receptor, the capsid undergoes conformational changes. VP4 is released, VP1 N-terminus is externalized, and together, they shape a virion-cell connecting channel and a pore in the host membrane through which RNase-protected transfer of the viral genome takes place. After genome has been released, the channel shrinks (By similarity). Protein VP0: Protein VP0: VP0 precursor is a component of immature procapsids, which gives rise to VP4 and VP2 after maturation. Allows the capsid to remain inactive before the maturation step (By similarity). Protease 2A: cysteine protease that is responsible for the cleavage between the P1 and P2 regions. It cleaves the host translation initiation factors EIF4G1, in order to shut off the capped cellular mRNA transcription. Protease 2A also degrades host nucleoporins NUP62, NUP98 and NUP153 thereby blocking the nucleo-cytoplasmic trafficking, in particular the export of cellular mRNAs. The resulting inhibition of cellular protein synthesis serves to ensure maximal viral gene expression and to evade host immune response (By similarity). Protein 2B: affects membrane integrity and cause an increase in membrane permeability (By similarity). Protein 2C: associates with and induces structural rearrangements of intracellular membranes. It displays RNA-binding, nucleotide binding and NTPase activities (By similarity). Protein 3A: via its hydrophobic domain, serves as membrane anchor (By similarity). Protein 3C: cysteine protease that generates mature viral proteins from the precursor polyprotein. In addition to its proteolytic activity, it binds to viral RNA, and thus influences viral genome replication. RNA and substrate bind cooperatively to the protease. Cleaves Nup153, Nup214, and Nup358 thereby blocking the nucleo-cytoplasmic trafficking. Contributes to host cell shutoff in infected cells by localizing in the nucleus and facilitating nuclear pore breakdown (By similarity). RNA-directed RNA polymerase 3D-POL: replicates genomic and antigenomic RNA by recognizing replications specific signals (By similarity). Evolutionary Conservation Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf. Publication Abstract from PubMedThe three-dimensional structures of two human rhinovirus serotypes (HRV14 and HRV1A) are compared when complexed with various antiviral agents. Although these agents all bind into the same hydrophobic pocket, the exact viral-drug interactions differ. In the absence of drugs, the pocket is occupied by a fatty acid in HRV1A, but is empty in HRV14 except for two water molecules. The conformation of each drug is dependent upon the shape of the hydrophobic pocket. In HRV14 the major residues determining the shape of the binding site are Y1128, P1174 and M1224, corresponding to I1125, M1169 and I1220 in HRV1A. When there is no cofactor or a drug in the pocket, the entrance to the pocket is open. However, the entrance is closed when the pocket is occupied by a cofactor or a drug. There are relatively small conformational changes when the agents displace the natural cofactor in HRV1A. In contrast, there are much larger conformational changes on binding a drug in HRV14. These differences cause an inhibition of viral attachment in HRV14 but not in HRV1A. Binding of the drugs results in three additional interprotomer hydrogen bonds in HRV14 and one in HRV1A. These hydrogen bonds and a potential loss of flexibility upon efficient packing of the pocket may contribute to the inhibition of uncoating in both serotypes. A comparison of the anti-rhinoviral drug binding pocket in HRV14 and HRV1A.,Kim KH, Willingmann P, Gong ZX, Kremer MJ, Chapman MS, Minor I, Oliveira MA, Rossmann MG, Andries K, Diana GD, et al. J Mol Biol. 1993 Mar 5;230(1):206-27. PMID:8383771[1] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences | ||||||||||||||||||||
