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Structural Basis of Human NOX5 Activation
Structural highlights
FunctionNOX5_HUMAN Calcium-dependent NADPH oxidase that generates superoxide. Also functions as a calcium-dependent proton channel and may regulate redox-dependent processes in lymphocytes and spermatozoa. May play a role in cell growth and apoptosis. Isoform v2 and isoform v5 are involved in endothelial generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), proliferation and angiogenesis and contribute to endothelial response to thrombin.[1] [2] [3] Publication Abstract from PubMedNADPH oxidase 5 (NOX5) catalyzes the production of superoxide free radicals and regulates physiological processes from sperm motility to cardiac rhythm. Overexpression of NOX5 leads to cancers, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. NOX5 is activated by intracellular calcium signaling, but the underlying molecular mechanism of which - in particular, how calcium triggers electron transfer from NADPH to FAD - is still unclear. Here we capture motions of full-length human NOX5 upon calcium binding using single-particle cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM). By combining biochemistry, mutagenesis analyses, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we decode the molecular basis of NOX5 activation and electron transfer. We find that calcium binding to the EF-hand domain increases NADPH dynamics, permitting electron transfer between NADPH and FAD and superoxide production. Our structural findings also uncover a zinc-binding motif that is important for NOX5 stability and enzymatic activity, revealing modulation mechanisms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Structural basis of human NOX5 activation.,Cui C, Jiang M, Jain N, Das S, Lo YH, Kermani AA, Pipatpolkai T, Sun J Nat Commun. 2024 May 11;15(1):3994. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-48467-y. PMID:38734761[4] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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