| Structural highlights
Disease
AGAL_HUMAN Defects in GLA are the cause of Fabry disease (FD) [MIM:301500. FD is a rare X-linked sphingolipidosis disease where glycolipid accumulates in many tissues. The disease consists of an inborn error of glycosphingolipid catabolism. FD patients show systemic accumulation of globotriaoslyceramide (Gb3) and related glycosphingolipids in the plasma and cellular lysosomes throughout the body. Clinical recognition in males results from characteristic skin lesions (angiokeratomas) over the lower trunk. Patients may show ocular deposits, febrile episodes, and burning pain in the extremities. Death results from renal failure, cardiac or cerebral complications of hypertension or other vascular disease. Heterozygous females may exhibit the disorder in an attenuated form, they are more likely to show corneal opacities.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] [35] [36] [37] [38] [39] [40]
Function
AGAL_HUMAN
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Sphingolipid activator protein B (saposin B; SapB) is an essential activator of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) catabolism by alpha-galactosidase A. However, the manner by which SapB stimulates alpha-galactosidase A activity remains unknown. To uncover the molecular mechanism of SapB presenting Gb3 to alpha-galactosidase A, we subjected the fluorescent substrate globotriaosylceramide-nitrobenzoxidazole (Gb3-NBD) to a series of biochemical and structural assays involving SapB. First, we showed that SapB stably binds Gb3-NBD using a fluorescence equilibrium binding assay, isolates Gb3-NBD from micelles, and facilitates alpha-galactosidase A cleavage of Gb3-NBD in vitro. Second, we crystallized SapB in the presence of Gb3-NBD and validated the ligand-bound assembly. Third, we captured transient interactions between SapB and alpha-galactosidase A by chemical cross-linking. Finally, we determined the crystal structure of SapB bound to alpha-galactosidase A. These findings establish general principles for molecular recognition in saposin:hydrolase complexes and highlight the utility of NBD reporter lipids in saposin biochemistry and structural biology.
Human Saposin B Ligand Binding and Presentation to alpha-Galactosidase A.,Sawyer TK, Aral E, Staros JV, Bobst CE, Garman SC bioRxiv [Preprint]. 2024 Apr 4:2024.04.04.584535. doi: 10.1101/2024.04.04.584535. PMID:38617236[41]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
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- ↑ Sakuraba H, Oshima A, Fukuhara Y, Shimmoto M, Nagao Y, Bishop DF, Desnick RJ, Suzuki Y. Identification of point mutations in the alpha-galactosidase A gene in classical and atypical hemizygotes with Fabry disease. Am J Hum Genet. 1990 Nov;47(5):784-9. PMID:2171331
- ↑ Bernstein HS, Bishop DF, Astrin KH, Kornreich R, Eng CM, Sakuraba H, Desnick RJ. Fabry disease: six gene rearrangements and an exonic point mutation in the alpha-galactosidase gene. J Clin Invest. 1989 Apr;83(4):1390-9. PMID:2539398 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI114027
- ↑ Ishii S, Sakuraba H, Suzuki Y. Point mutations in the upstream region of the alpha-galactosidase A gene exon 6 in an atypical variant of Fabry disease. Hum Genet. 1992 Apr;89(1):29-32. PMID:1315715
- ↑ Eng CM, Resnick-Silverman LA, Niehaus DJ, Astrin KH, Desnick RJ. Nature and frequency of mutations in the alpha-galactosidase A gene that cause Fabry disease. Am J Hum Genet. 1993 Dec;53(6):1186-97. PMID:7504405
- ↑ Davies JP, Winchester BG, Malcolm S. Mutation analysis in patients with the typical form of Anderson-Fabry disease. Hum Mol Genet. 1993 Jul;2(7):1051-3. PMID:8395937
- ↑ Davies J, Christomanou H, Winchester B, Malcolm S. Detection of 8 new mutations in the alpha-galactosidase A gene in Fabry disease. Hum Mol Genet. 1994 Apr;3(4):667-9. PMID:8069316
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- ↑ Okumiya T, Ishii S, Takenaka T, Kase R, Kamei S, Sakuraba H, Suzuki Y. Galactose stabilizes various missense mutants of alpha-galactosidase in Fabry disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1995 Sep 25;214(3):1219-24. PMID:7575533 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1995.2416
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- ↑ Nakao S, Takenaka T, Maeda M, Kodama C, Tanaka A, Tahara M, Yoshida A, Kuriyama M, Hayashibe H, Sakuraba H, et al.. An atypical variant of Fabry's disease in men with left ventricular hypertrophy. N Engl J Med. 1995 Aug 3;333(5):288-93. PMID:7596372 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199508033330504
- ↑ Sawada K, Mizoguchi K, Hishida A, Kaneko E, Koide Y, Nishimura K, Kimura M. Point mutation in the alpha-galactosidase A gene of atypical Fabry disease with only nephropathy. Clin Nephrol. 1996 May;45(5):289-94. PMID:8738659
- ↑ Davies JP, Eng CM, Hill JA, Malcolm S, MacDermot K, Winchester B, Desnick RJ. Fabry disease: fourteen alpha-galactosidase A mutations in unrelated families from the United Kingdom and other European countries. Eur J Hum Genet. 1996;4(4):219-24. PMID:8875188
- ↑ Cariolou MA, Christodoulides M, Manoli P, Kokkofitou A, Tsambaos D. Novel trinucleotide deletion in Fabry's disease. Hum Genet. 1996 Apr;97(4):468-70. PMID:8834244
- ↑ Germain D, Biasotto M, Tosi M, Meo T, Kahn A, Poenaru L. Fluorescence-assisted mismatch analysis (FAMA) for exhaustive screening of the alpha-galactosidase A gene and detection of carriers in Fabry disease. Hum Genet. 1996 Dec;98(6):719-26. PMID:8931708
- ↑ Blanch LC, Meaney C, Morris CP. A sensitive mutation screening strategy for Fabry disease: detection of nine mutations in the alpha-galactosidase A gene. Hum Mutat. 1996;8(1):38-43. PMID:8807334 doi:<38::AID-HUMU5>3.0.CO;2-L 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(1996)8:1<38::AID-HUMU5>3.0.CO;2-L
- ↑ Redonnet-Vernhet I, Ploos van Amstel JK, Jansen RP, Wevers RA, Salvayre R, Levade T. Uneven X inactivation in a female monozygotic twin pair with Fabry disease and discordant expression of a novel mutation in the alpha-galactosidase A gene. J Med Genet. 1996 Aug;33(8):682-8. PMID:8863162
- ↑ Takata T, Okumiya T, Hayashibe H, Shimmoto M, Kase R, Itoh K, Utsumi K, Kamei S, Sakuraba H. Screening and detection of gene mutations in Japanese patients with Fabry disease by non-radioactive single-stranded conformation polymorphism analysis. Brain Dev. 1997 Mar;19(2):111-6. PMID:9105656
- ↑ Eng CM, Ashley GA, Burgert TS, Enriquez AL, D'Souza M, Desnick RJ. Fabry disease: thirty-five mutations in the alpha-galactosidase A gene in patients with classic and variant phenotypes. Mol Med. 1997 Mar;3(3):174-82. PMID:9100224
- ↑ Chen CH, Shyu PW, Wu SJ, Sheu SS, Desnick RJ, Hsiao KJ. Identification of a novel point mutation (S65T) in alpha-galactosidase A gene in Chinese patients with Fabry disease. Mutations in brief no. 169. Online. Hum Mutat. 1998;11(4):328-30. PMID:9554750 doi:<328::AID-HUMU11>3.0.CO;2-N 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(1998)11:4<328::AID-HUMU11>3.0.CO;2-N
- ↑ Miyazaki T, Kajita M, Ohmori S, Mizutani N, Niwa T, Murata Y, Seo H. A novel mutation (E358K) in the alpha-galactosidase A gene detected in a Japanese family with Fabry disease. Hum Mutat. 1998;Suppl 1:S139-40. PMID:9452068
- ↑ Okumiya T, Kawamura O, Itoh K, Kase R, Ishii S, Kamei S, Sakuraba H. Novel missense mutation (M72V) of alpha-galactosidase gene and its expression product in an atypical Fabry hemizygote. Hum Mutat. 1998;Suppl 1:S213-6. PMID:9452090
- ↑ Guffon N, Froissart R, Chevalier-Porst F, Maire I. Mutation analysis in 11 French patients with Fabry disease. Hum Mutat. 1998;Suppl 1:S288-90. PMID:9452111
- ↑ Germain DP, Poenaru L. Fabry disease: identification of novel alpha-galactosidase A mutations and molecular carrier detection by use of fluorescent chemical cleavage of mismatches. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1999 Apr 21;257(3):708-13. PMID:10208848 doi:10.1006/bbrc.1999.0310
- ↑ Beyer EM, Karpova EA, Udalova OV, Ploos van Amstel JK, van Diggelen OP, Tsvetkova IV. The multiple cases of Fabry disease in a Russian family caused by an E341K amino acid substitution in the alpha-galactosidase A. Clin Chim Acta. 1999 Feb;280(1-2):81-9. PMID:10090526
- ↑ Kase R, Bierfreund U, Klein A, Kolter T, Utsumi K, Itoha K, Sandhoff K, Sakuraba H. Characterization of two alpha-galactosidase mutants (Q279E and R301Q) found in an atypical variant of Fabry disease. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2000 Jun 15;1501(2-3):227-35. PMID:10838196
- ↑ Topaloglu AK, Ashley GA, Tong B, Shabbeer J, Astrin KH, Eng CM, Desnick RJ. Twenty novel mutations in the alpha-galactosidase A gene causing Fabry disease. Mol Med. 1999 Dec;5(12):806-11. PMID:10666480
- ↑ Lee JK, Kim GH, Kim JS, Kim KK, Lee MC, Yoo HW. Identification of four novel mutations in five unrelated Korean families with Fabry disease. Clin Genet. 2000 Sep;58(3):228-33. PMID:11076046
- ↑ Ashton-Prolla P, Tong B, Shabbeer J, Astrin KH, Eng CM, Desnick RJ. Fabry disease: twenty-two novel mutations in the alpha-galactosidase A gene and genotype/phenotype correlations in severely and mildly affected hemizygotes and heterozygotes. J Investig Med. 2000 Jul;48(4):227-35. PMID:10916280
- ↑ Germain DP, Salard D, Fellmann F, Azibi K, Caillaud C, Bernard MC, Poenaru L. Identification of a novel de novo mutation (G373D) in the alpha-galactosidase A gene (GLA) in a patient affected with Fabry disease. Hum Mutat. 2001 Apr;17(4):353. PMID:11295840 doi:10.1002/humu.41
- ↑ Blaydon D, Hill J, Winchester B. Fabry disease: 20 novel GLA mutations in 35 families. Hum Mutat. 2001 Nov;18(5):459. PMID:11668641 doi:10.1002/humu.1219
- ↑ Branton MH, Schiffmann R, Sabnis SG, Murray GJ, Quirk JM, Altarescu G, Goldfarb L, Brady RO, Balow JE, Austin Iii HA, Kopp JB. Natural history of Fabry renal disease: influence of alpha-galactosidase A activity and genetic mutations on clinical course. Medicine (Baltimore). 2002 Mar;81(2):122-38. PMID:11889412
- ↑ Yang CC, Lai LW, Whitehair O, Hwu WL, Chiang SC, Lien YH. Two novel mutations in the alpha-galactosidase A gene in Chinese patients with Fabry disease. Clin Genet. 2003 Mar;63(3):205-9. PMID:12694230
- ↑ Lai LW, Whitehair O, Wu MJ, O'Meara M, Lien YH. Analysis of splice-site mutations of the alpha-galactosidase A gene in Fabry disease. Clin Genet. 2003 Jun;63(6):476-82. PMID:12786754
- ↑ Verovnik F, Benko D, Vujkovac B, Linthorst GE. Remarkable variability in renal disease in a large Slovenian family with Fabry disease. Eur J Hum Genet. 2004 Aug;12(8):678-81. PMID:15162124 doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201184
- ↑ Shabbeer J, Robinson M, Desnick RJ. Detection of alpha-galactosidase a mutations causing Fabry disease by denaturing high performance liquid chromatography. Hum Mutat. 2005 Mar;25(3):299-305. PMID:15712228 doi:10.1002/humu.20144
- ↑ Nance CS, Klein CJ, Banikazemi M, Dikman SH, Phelps RG, McArthur JC, Rodriguez M, Desnick RJ. Later-onset Fabry disease: an adult variant presenting with the cramp-fasciculation syndrome. Arch Neurol. 2006 Mar;63(3):453-7. PMID:16533976 doi:63/3/453
- ↑ Hwu WL, Chien YH, Lee NC, Chiang SC, Dobrovolny R, Huang AC, Yeh HY, Chao MC, Lin SJ, Kitagawa T, Desnick RJ, Hsu LW. Newborn screening for Fabry disease in Taiwan reveals a high incidence of the later-onset GLA mutation c.936+919G>A (IVS4+919G>A). Hum Mutat. 2009 Oct;30(10):1397-405. doi: 10.1002/humu.21074. PMID:19621417 doi:10.1002/humu.21074
- ↑ Sawyer TK, Aral E, Staros JV, Bobst CE, Garman SC. Human Saposin B Ligand Binding and Presentation to α-Galactosidase A. bioRxiv [Preprint]. 2024 Apr 4:2024.04.04.584535. PMID:38617236 doi:10.1101/2024.04.04.584535
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