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Function
CD81 is a cell-surface protein involved in a variety of biological responses like adhesion, morphology, activation, proliferation and differentiation of of B- and T-cells[1]. CD81 belongs to the tetraspanin family - protein containing 4 transmembrane domains - which form microdomains in the cell surface with a variety of partner proteins. CD81 enables hepatitis C virus infection of human cells[2].
Relevance
CD81 is widely expressed on the majority of tumor cells. Antibodies that target CD81 are a novel treatment against B-cell lymphoma[3]. CD81-defficient mice are impaired in their ability to suppress the anti-tumor immune response.
Structural highlights
The structure of the complex of human CD81 with mouse antibody shows interactions of the CD81 helix D with the antibody heavy chain and CD81 residues in helix C with the light chain[4].
- ↑ Levy S, Todd SC, Maecker HT. CD81 (TAPA-1): a molecule involved in signal transduction and cell adhesion in the immune system. Annu Rev Immunol. 1998;16:89-109. doi: 10.1146/annurev.immunol.16.1.89. PMID:9597125 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.16.1.89
- ↑ Luo RF, Zhao S, Tibshirani R, Myklebust JH, Sanyal M, Fernandez R, Gratzinger D, Marinelli RJ, Lu ZS, Wong A, Levy R, Levy S, Natkunam Y. CD81 protein is expressed at high levels in normal germinal center B cells and in subtypes of human lymphomas. Hum Pathol. 2010 Feb;41(2):271-80. doi: 10.1016/j.humpath.2009.07.022. Epub 2009 , Dec 8. PMID:20004001 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.humpath.2009.07.022
- ↑ Vences-Catalan F, Kuo CC, Rajapaksa R, Duault C, Andor N, Czerwinski DK, Levy R, Levy S. CD81 is a novel immunotherapeutic target for B cell lymphoma. J Exp Med. 2019 Jul 1;216(7):1497-1508. doi: 10.1084/jem.20190186. Epub 2019 May , 23. PMID:31123084 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20190186
- ↑ Susa KJ, Seegar TC, Blacklow SC, Kruse AC. A dynamic interaction between CD19 and the tetraspanin CD81 controls B cell co-receptor trafficking. Elife. 2020 Apr 27;9. pii: 52337. doi: 10.7554/eLife.52337. PMID:32338599 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.52337
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3D structures of CD81
Updated on 16-November-2022
5tcx - hCD81 (mutant) - human
1g8q, 1iv5, 5m3t, 5m3d, 5m4r, 5m33, 5m2c, 3x0e - hCD81 extracellular domain 113-202
6ejm, 6ek2, 6ejg, 5dfw - hCD81 extracellular domain + Scfv
5dfv, 6u9s - hCD81 extracellular domain + antibody
7jic - hCD81 extracellular domain + CD19 + antibody – Cryo EM
3x0g - CD81 extracellular domain - green monkey
3x0f - CD81 extracellular domain - mouse
7mws - cttCD81 112-202 – cotton-top tamarin
7mwx - cttCD81 second extracellular domain + antibody + hepatitis virus core
References
