Function
Colony-stimulating factors (CSF) are growth regulatory factors which influence functional activity, survival, proliferation and differentiation of myeloid mature and haemopoietic cells. Four distinct CSFs were characterized[1].
- Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) acts on proliferation, functional stimulation and differentiation of progenitors of neutrophils.
- Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) acts on proliferation, functional stimulation and differentiation of progenitors of neutrophils, monocytes and granulocytes[2].
- Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) or lanimostin acts on proliferation, functional stimulation and differentiation of progenitors of monocytes and macrophages.
- multi-colony-stimulating factor also known as interleukin 3.
Relevance
Depletion of CSFs have therapeutic benefit in many inflammatory and autoimmune conditions[3]. G-CSF and GM-CSF are used to increase low white blood cell levels in cancer patients following chemotherapy and to release haematopoietic stem cells which replace bone marrow cells after anti-cancer treatments[4]. G-CSF is a neurotrophic factor and thus a candidate for the treatment of neurodegenerative conditions[5]. G-CSF and GN-CSF ar commercially available for clinical use[6].
Structural highlights
The structure of the complex between M-CSF and its receptor shows that a dimer of M-CSF binds to 2 molecules of the receptor. There are two binding sites between the molecules designated site I and site II[7]. All interactions. See also Colony-stimulating factor receptor
3D structures of colony-stimulating factor
Colony-stimulating factor 3D structures
- ↑ Nemunaitis J. A comparative review of colony-stimulating factors. Drugs. 1997 Nov;54(5):709-29. doi: 10.2165/00003495-199754050-00004. PMID:9360058 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00003495-199754050-00004
- ↑ Shi Y, Liu CH, Roberts AI, Das J, Xu G, Ren G, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Yuan ZR, Tan HS, Das G, Devadas S. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and T-cell responses: what we do and don't know. Cell Res. 2006 Feb;16(2):126-33. doi: 10.1038/sj.cr.7310017. PMID:16474424 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.cr.7310017
- ↑ Hamilton JA. Colony-stimulating factors in inflammation and autoimmunity. Nat Rev Immunol. 2008 Jul;8(7):533-44. doi: 10.1038/nri2356. PMID:18551128 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nri2356
- ↑ Metcalf D. The colony-stimulating factors and cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 2010 Jun;10(6):425-34. doi: 10.1038/nrc2843. PMID:20495576 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrc2843
- ↑ Schneider A, Kuhn HG, Schabitz WR. A role for G-CSF (granulocyte-colony stimulating factor) in the central nervous system. Cell Cycle. 2005 Dec;4(12):1753-7. doi: 10.4161/cc.4.12.2213. Epub 2005 Dec 27. PMID:16258290 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.4161/cc.4.12.2213
- ↑ Lieschke GJ, Burgess AW. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (1). N Engl J Med. 1992 Jul 2;327(1):28-35. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199207023270106. PMID:1375975 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199207023270106
- ↑ Felix J, De Munck S, Verstraete K, Meuris L, Callewaert N, Elegheert J, Savvides SN. Structure and Assembly Mechanism of the Signaling Complex Mediated by Human CSF-1. Structure. 2015 Jul 21. pii: S0969-2126(15)00272-5. doi:, 10.1016/j.str.2015.06.019. PMID:26235028 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.str.2015.06.019
