Function
Deaminase removes an amine group from an amino acid and the rest of the molecule is recycled.
- Cytosine deaminase (CDA) converts cytosine to uracil.
- Cytidine deaminase (CDDA) converts cytidine to uridine. [1]
- 5-methylcytosine deaminase (MCDA) produces thymine.
- Guanine deaminase (GDA) converts guanine to xanthine. [2]
- Adenine deaminase (ADA) converts adenine to hypoxanthine.
- Glucosamine 6-phosphate deaminase (GPD) converts glucosamine 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate.
- 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase (ACCD) converts 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid to 2-oxobutyrate.
- dCTP deaminase (ADA) converts dCTP to dUTP.
- dCTP deaminase-dUTPase (DCD-DUT) converts dCTP to dUMP.
- Blasticidin-S deaminase (BSD) converts blasticidin-S to deaminohydroxyblasticidin.
- Threonine deaminase (THD) converts L-threonine to α-ketobutyrate.
- L-serine deaminase (LSD) converts L-serine to pyruvate.
- D-serine deaminase (DSD) converts D-serine to pyruvate.
- Aminofutalosine deaminase deaminates aminofutalosine which is an intermediate in the menaquinone biosynthesis in Helicobacter pylori [3].
Relevance
Cytosine deaminase is used in cancer therapy. After treatment by 5-fluorouracil, the cytosine deaminase gene is introduced to the tumor resulting in intratumor chemotherapy. [4]
Disease
Mutation in adenine deaminase results in deficiency of the enzyme and is the cause of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID).
Structural highlights
The active site of cytosine deaminase contains a catalytically active zinc atom.[5]
3D Structures of deaminase
Deaminase 3D structures
- ↑ Bransteitter R, Pham P, Scharff MD, Goodman MF. Activation-induced cytidine deaminase deaminates deoxycytidine on single-stranded DNA but requires the action of RNase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Apr 1;100(7):4102-7. Epub 2003 Mar 21. PMID:12651944 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0730835100
- ↑ Egeblad L, Welin M, Flodin S, Graslund S, Wang L, Balzarini J, Eriksson S, Nordlund P. Pan-Pathway Based Interaction Profiling of FDA-Approved Nucleoside and Nucleobase Analogs with Enzymes of the Human Nucleotide Metabolism. PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e37724. Epub 2012 May 25. PMID:22662200 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0037724
- ↑ Feng M, Harijan RK, Harris LD, Tyler PC, Frohlich RFG, Brown M, Schramm VL. Aminofutalosine Deaminase in the Menaquinone Pathway of Helicobacter pylori. Biochemistry. 2021 Jun 22;60(24):1933-1946. doi: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00215., Epub 2021 Jun 2. PMID:34077175 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00215
- ↑ Negroni L, Samson M, Guigonis JM, Rossi B, Pierrefite-Carle V, Baudoin C. Treatment of colon cancer cells using the cytosine deaminase/5-fluorocytosine suicide system induces apoptosis, modulation of the proteome, and Hsp90beta phosphorylation. Mol Cancer Ther. 2007 Oct;6(10):2747-56. PMID:17938268 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-07-0040
- ↑ Ireton GC, Black ME, Stoddard BL. The 1.14 A crystal structure of yeast cytosine deaminase: evolution of nucleotide salvage enzymes and implications for genetic chemotherapy. Structure. 2003 Aug;11(8):961-72. PMID:12906827
