Endonuclease

spinqualitylabelsall models E. coli EcoRV endonuclease dimer (magenta, green) complex with DNA, (PDB code 1rva) Show:Asymmetric Unit Biological Assembly Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate   Export Animated Image   Print3D Function Endonuclease (ENN) cleaves phosphodiester bond within polynucleotide chain. ENN cleaves DNA at a restriction site which is usually a 6-nucleotide palindrome. ENN is restriction site–specific. Various types of ENN differ by their mechanism of action. ENN is used in genetic engineering to make recombinant DNA. ENN requires a restriction site and a cleavage pattern. ENN-I operates on DNA with separate restriction site and cleavage pattern. ENN-II operates on overlapping restriction site and cleavage pattern. ENN-III is a bifunctional DNA glycosylase that removes oxidized pyrimidines from DNA. ENN-IV cleaves the DNA backbone 5' of AP sites. ENN-V removes deaminated bases from DNA. ENN-VII recognizes mixmatches in DNA recombinational heteroduplexes and performs their incision. ENN-VIII removes radiolysis thymine products from phage DNA and cleaves the DNA at AP sites. Structure-specific ENN specific for DNA secondary structure rather than for its sequence. Intron-encoded ENN or homing ENN are encoded by genes with mobile, self-splicing introns. They promote the movement of DNA sequences from one chromosome location to another. The Cas ENN proteins are part of CRISPR/Cas prokaryotic immune system which confers protection from foreign genetic elements like viruses. The CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats) are DNA loci which are found in ca. 40% of the bacteria. The CRISPR/Cas system is being used lately as gene editing tool. For more details see CRISPR-Cas CRISPR type I-A (Cascade) - see CRISPR subtype I-A CRISPR type I-B (Cascade) - see CRISPR subtype I-B CRISPR type I-C (Cascade) - see CRISPR subtype I-C CRISPR type I-E (Cascade) - see CRISPR subtype I-E (CRISPR type I-F (Csy1, Csy2, Csy3) - see CRISPR subtype I-F CRISPR type III-A (Csm complex) - see CRISPR subtype III-A (Csm complex) CRISPR type II-A - see CRISPR-Cas9 CRISPR type V (Cpf1, C2c1, C2c3) - see CRISPR type V CRISPR type VI (Cas13a (previously known as C2c2), Cas13b, Cas13c, Cas13d) - see CRISPR type VI See also Apurinic-Apyrimidinic Endonuclease-1 For EcoRV ENN see Student Projects for UMass Chemistry 423 Spring 2012-3 For NEI ENN see DNA repair protein human endonuclease VIII-like 1 (NEIL1). Relevance Sickle cell anemia is caused by mutation in the recognition site of MstII ENN. Disease Mutation in UV-specific ENN causes Xeroderma pigmentosa. Mutations in tRNA-splicing ENN cause pontocerebellar hypoplasia. Structural highlights E. coli EcoRV endonuclease dimer with DNA DNA-protein binding (PDB code 1rva). 3D structures of endonuclease Endonuclease 3D structures

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