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Function
Sulfatase hydrolyzes sulfate esters. The enzymes take part in the cycling of sulfur[1]. The arylsulfatase name is derived from the fact that nitrophenyl-sulfate is their standard substrate.
- Arylsulfatase A hydrolyzes cerebroside-sulfate.
- Arylsulfatase B hydrolyzes dermatan sulfate.
- Alkylsulfatase hydrolyzes SDS and other alkyl sulfate derivatives.
- Estrone sulfatase hydrolyzes sulfated steroids.
- N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase hydrolyzes chondroitin sulfate and keratin sulfate. For details see Molecular Playground/Human Galactosamine-6-sulfatase.
- Choline sulfatase hydrolyzes alkyl sulfate choline-O-sulfate[2].
- Iota-carrageenan sulfatase hydrolyzes sulfated polysaccharides[3].
- Steryl sulfatase converts estrone sulfate into estrogen[4].
Disease
Mutations in arylsulfatase result in lysosomal storage disorders. Sulfatases are implicated in pathophysiological conditions in hormone-dependent cancer, developmental abnormalities and bacterial pathogenesis[5].
3D Structures of sulfatase
Sulfatase 3D structures
- ↑ Hanson SR, Best MD, Wong CH. Sulfatases: structure, mechanism, biological activity, inhibition, and synthetic utility. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2004 Nov 5;43(43):5736-63. PMID:15493058 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200300632
- ↑ van Loo B, Schober M, Valkov E, Heberlein M, Bornberg-Bauer E, Faber K, Hyvonen M, Hollfelder F. Structural and Mechanistic Analysis of the Choline Sulfatase from Sinorhizobium melliloti: A Class I Sulfatase Specific for an Alkyl Sulfate Ester. J Mol Biol. 2018 Feb 16. pii: S0022-2836(18)30081-0. doi:, 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.02.010. PMID:29458126 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2018.02.010
- ↑ Genicot SM, Groisillier A, Rogniaux H, Meslet-Cladiere L, Barbeyron T, Helbert W. Discovery of a novel iota carrageenan sulfatase isolated from the marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas carrageenovora. Front Chem. 2014 Aug 26;2:67. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2014.00067. eCollection 2014. PMID:25207269 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2014.00067
- ↑ Miki Y, Nakata T, Suzuki T, Darnel AD, Moriya T, Kaneko C, Hidaka K, Shiotsu Y, Kusaka H, Sasano H. Systemic distribution of steroid sulfatase and estrogen sulfotransferase in human adult and fetal tissues. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Dec;87(12):5760-8. PMID:12466383 doi:10.1210/jc.2002-020670
- ↑ Dierks T, Schmidt B, Borissenko LV, Peng J, Preusser A, Mariappan M, von Figura K. Multiple sulfatase deficiency is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the human C(alpha)-formylglycine generating enzyme. Cell. 2003 May 16;113(4):435-44. PMID:12757705
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