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Function
Galactose oxidase (GAO) catalyzes the oxidation of D-galactose using O2 to D-galacto-hexodialdose and hydrogen peroxide. GAO catalytic motif is a free radical-coupled copper[1].
Structural highlights
GAO uses copper and active site post-translational cross-linking of Cys228 and Tyr272 via a thioester bond for activity[2]. Water molecules shown as red spheres. Na coordination site.
See also: Thioester protein crosslinks
Thioether protein crosslinks.
- ↑ Baron AJ, Stevens C, Wilmot C, Seneviratne KD, Blakeley V, Dooley DM, Phillips SE, Knowles PF, McPherson MJ. Structure and mechanism of galactose oxidase. The free radical site. J Biol Chem. 1994 Oct 7;269(40):25095-105. PMID:7929198
- ↑ Ito N, Phillips SE, Stevens C, Ogel ZB, McPherson MJ, Keen JN, Yadav KD, Knowles PF. Novel thioether bond revealed by a 1.7 A crystal structure of galactose oxidase. Nature. 1991 Mar 7;350(6313):87-90. PMID:2002850 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/350087a0
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3D structures of galactose oxidase
Updated on 06-July-2026
Thioester protein crosslinks, Thioether protein crosslinks, 1goh – GAO + Cu – Hypomyces rosellus
1k3i – FuGAO precursor – Fusarium
8tx5, 8tx6 - FuGAO + Cu
1t2x – FuGAO (mutant) + Cu
2vz3 - GzGAO + Cu – Gibberella zeae
2eib, 2eic, 2eid, 2wq8 - GzGAO (mutant) + Cu
6xlt – GzGAO + Cu
6xlr, 6xls – GzGAO + Cu + modified Tyr272
2eie – GzGAO + N3
2jkx – GzGAO
2vz1 – GzGAO premature
References
