Reentrant loops
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Reentrant loops are an important structural motif in alpha-helical transmembrane proteins. A reentrant loop is a structural motif that goes only halfway through the membrane and then turns back to the side from which it originates. [1]
They were first seen in the aquaporin water channel. [2].
In aquaporin, two re-entrant helix-forming loops stack on top of each other [3].
Reentrant loops seem to be most commonly found in ion and water channel proteins.
See also
- Aquaporin
- 1bl8
- 1XFH - "The glutamate transporter homolog (1XFH) contains both disrupted transmembrane helices and reentrant loops."
References
- ↑ Yan C, Luo J. An analysis of reentrant loops. Protein J. 2010 Jul;29(5):350-4. PMID:20544377 doi:10.1007/s10930-010-9259-z
- ↑ Elofsson A, von Heijne G. Membrane protein structure: prediction versus reality. Annu Rev Biochem. 2007;76:125-40. PMID:17579561 doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.76.052705.163539
- ↑ Wagner K, Unger L, Salman MM, Kitchen P, Bill RM, Yool AJ. Signaling Mechanisms and Pharmacological Modulators Governing Diverse Aquaporin Functions in Human Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Jan 26;23(3):1388. PMID:35163313 doi:10.3390/ijms23031388
