https://proteopedia.org/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Joseph+LipsickProteopedia - User contributions [en]2026-09-13T04:40:59ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.43.8https://proteopedia.org/index.php?title=Proteopedia:Page_of_the_Year_Entrants&diff=1028516Proteopedia:Page of the Year Entrants2009-12-23T04:25:38Z<p>Joseph Lipsick: </p>
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<div>Please list your entry in [[Proteopedia:Page of the Year Competition| Proteopedia's Page of the Year Competition]] here. You can enter as many pages as you like.<br />
Add your entry to the list by adding a row in the format shown below, with a link to your user page followed by 2 hyphens and then a link to the page you're entering in the competition.<br />
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==Entrants==<br />
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Entry number 1 is just an example, Eran cannot participate in the competition.<br />
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# [[User:Eran Hodis]] -- [[User:Eran_Hodis/Acetylcholinesterase]]<br />
# [[User:Ramiro Barrantes]] -- [[1tdh]]<br />
# [[User:Sara Toftegaard Petersen]] [[User:Mathilde Thomsen]] [[User:Mette Trauelsen]] -- [[Nitric oxide synthase]]<br />
# [[User:Wayne Decatur]] -- [[Ribosome]] (see history for original article as of October 15, 2009)<br />
# [[User:Wayne Decatur]] -- [[User:Wayne Decatur/Plant Viral Protein p19 Suppression of RNA Silencing]]<br />
# [[User:Wayne Decatur]] -- [[User:Wayne Decatur/Suppression of RNA Silencing by Viruses]]<br />
# [[User:Wayne Decatur]] -- [[User:Wayne Decatur/Tomato aspermy virus protein 2b Suppression of RNA Silencing]]<br />
# [[User:Tzviya Zeev-Ben-Mordehai]] -- [[Intrinsically Disordered Protein]] (see history for original article as of October 19, 2009)<br />
# [[User:Tilman Schirmer]] -- [[C-di-GMP signaling]] (Note that there are several sub-pages)<br />
# [[User:Joseph Lipsick]] -- [[SRC]]<br />
# [[User:Joseph Lipsick]] -- [[Ras]]<br />
# [[User:Maitreyee Mukherjee]] -- [[PHB synthase in Rhodobacter sphaeroides]]<br />
# [[User:Paula Grabowski]] -- [[Triosephosphate Isomerase]]<br />
# [[User:Céline Debarnot]] -- [[sandbox123]]<br />
# [[User:Gregg Snider]] -- [[Triose Phosphate Isomerase]]<br />
# [[User:Yash Patankar]] -- [[User:Yash Patankar/Sandbox 1]]<br />
# [[User:Julien Madouasse]] -- [[SAndbox 159]]<br />
# [[User:Mkukrishna]] -- [[User:Mkukrishna/E.COLI OMPC - CAMEL LACTOFERRIN COMPLEX]]<br />
# [[User:Lois_A._Fridmann]] -- [[HIV-1 Gag Recruitment of Tsg101 and the Viral Budding Process]]<br />
# [[User:Lois_A._Fridmann]] -- [[User:Lois A. Fridmann/Sandbox 1]]<br />
# [[User:Lois_A._Fridmann]] -- [[User:Lois A. Fridmann/Sandbox 2]]<br />
# [[User:Jianlin Cheng]] -- [[1gwp]]<br />
# [[User:Nicolas Villanueva]] -- [[NS5B]]<br />
# [[User:Wayne Decatur]] -- [[User:Wayne Decatur/Flock house virus B2 protein Suppression of RNA Silencing]]<br />
# [[User:Daniel Seeman]] -- [[Alpha-1-antitrypsin]] (has an NMR format pdb in it, takes a while to load)<br />
# [[User:Michael Strong]] -- [[2g38]] <br />
# [[User:Michael Strong]] -- [[User:Michael_Strong/H1N1]]</div>Joseph Lipsickhttps://proteopedia.org/index.php?title=GTPase_HRas&diff=1028495GTPase HRas2009-12-22T01:45:52Z<p>Joseph Lipsick: New page: <applet load='5p21' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GTP' name='LEFT' /> <applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GDP' name='RIGHT'/> <applet load...</p>
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<div><applet load='5p21' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GTP' name='LEFT' /><br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GDP' name='RIGHT'/><br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS REGULATORS' name='OTHER'/><br />
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The ''RAS'' gene family was discovered due to the presence of two closely related retroviral cancer genes (oncogenes)<br />
within the Harvey and Kirsten '''RA'''t '''S'''arcoma viruses. These retroviral oncogenes arose via capture of two normal cellular genes, ''H-RAS'' and ''K-RAS''. A DNA transfection assay for oncogenes in human bladder cancer later identified the same ''H-RAS'' gene. Remarkably, the mutated oncogenic form of ''H-RAS'' differed from its normal counterpart by a single nucleotide change that caused a single amino acid substitution. Biochemical studies of purified RAS proteins revealed that they were capable of binding nucleotides, with a particularly high affinity for GTP. Extensive genetic, biochemical, and structural studies have established a model in which the RAS proteins function as molecular switches, as do related GTP-binding proteins. The RAS switch is "ON" when it binds <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switches/5' target='LEFT'>GTP</scene>, and is "OFF" when it binds <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switches/11' target='RIGHT'>GDP</scene>. The changes in protein conformation between the <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/2' target='LEFT'>"ON"</scene> and <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/3' target='RIGHT'>"OFF"</scene> states are not very large. These changes primarily occur in two regions known as SWITCH I (yellow) and SWITCH II (magenta), and can be visualized by toggling the spin off and on in these partial space-filling models. The RAS protein itself has an intrinsic GTPase activity, thereby limiting the duration of time spent in the "ON" configuration. The two most common oncogenic mutations in ''H-RAS'' affect residues <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_gly12/1' target='LEFT'>Gly12 </scene> and <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_gln61/1' target='LEFT'>Gln61</scene>, both of which are adjacent to the bound GTP molecule. These oncogenic mutations greatly inhibit the intrinsic GTPase activity, thereby causing the RAS switch to spend more time in the "ON" position. The RAS proteins are present at the plasma membrane and transmit signals from transmembrance receptor tyrosine kinases (e.g. EGF and PDGF receptors) to downstream intracellular effectors that include the MAPK protein kinase cascade and the PI3K lipid kinase. Binding of EGF or PDGF to their receptors causes a relocalization of a '''G'''uanine Nucleotide '''E'''xchange '''F'''actor (GEF) protein to the plasma membrane. The structure of <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-sos/5' target='OTHER'>SOS</scene>, a prototypic GEF, together with RAS implies that the GEF prys open the nucleotide binding site with a loss of bound GDP. The ten-fold higher ratio of GTP to GDP within the cell results in the replacement of RAS-GDP ("OFF" state) with RAS-GTP ("ON" state). Consistent with this model, gain-of-function mutations of ''GEF'' genes can be oncogenic (e.g. ''VAV'' oncogene) even in the absence of mutations of ''RAS''. Conversely, a GTPase Activating Protein (<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gap/5' target='OTHER'>GAP</scene>) can bind to RAS-GTP and increase the rate of the intrinsic RAS GTPase. Consistent with this model, loss-of-function mutations of GAP genes (e.g. NF1 tumor suppressor) can be oncogenic even in the absence of mutations of ''RAS'' itself.<br />
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Milburn, et al. Science. 1990. 247: 939-45.<br />
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Wittinghofer and Pai. Trends Biochem Sci. 1991. 16: 382-7.<br />
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Malumbres and Barbacid. Nature Rev Cancer. 2003. 3: 459-65.<br />
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Bos, Rehmann, and Wittinghofer. Cell. 2007. 129: 865-77. <br />
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Karnoub and Weinberg. Nature Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2008. 9: 517-531.<br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switches/5' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switches/11' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_gly12/1' target='LEFT'>Gly12 </scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_gln61/1' target='LEFT'>Gln61</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/2' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP Switch I and II</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/3' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP Switch I and II</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-sos/5' target='OTHER'>RAS-SOS</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gap/5' target='OTHER'>RAS-GAP</scene></div>Joseph Lipsickhttps://proteopedia.org/index.php?title=User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS&diff=1028494User:Joseph Lipsick/RAS2009-12-22T01:39:56Z<p>Joseph Lipsick: </p>
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<div><applet load='5p21' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GTP' name='LEFT' /><br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GDP' name='RIGHT'/><br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS REGULATORS' name='OTHER'/><br />
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The ''RAS'' gene family was discovered due to the presence of two closely related retroviral cancer genes (oncogenes)<br />
within the Harvey and Kirsten '''RA'''t '''S'''arcoma viruses. These retroviral oncogenes arose via capture of two normal cellular genes, ''H-RAS'' and ''K-RAS''. A DNA transfection assay for oncogenes in human bladder cancer later identified the same ''H-RAS'' gene. Remarkably, the mutated oncogenic form of ''H-RAS'' differed from its normal counterpart by a single nucleotide change that caused a single amino acid substitution. Biochemical studies of purified RAS proteins revealed that they were capable of binding nucleotides, with a particularly high affinity for GTP. Extensive genetic, biochemical, and structural studies have established a model in which the RAS proteins function as molecular switches, as do related GTP-binding proteins. The RAS switch is "ON" when it binds <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switches/5' target='LEFT'>GTP</scene>, and is "OFF" when it binds <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switches/11' target='RIGHT'>GDP</scene>. The changes in protein conformation between the <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/2' target='LEFT'>"ON"</scene> and <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/3' target='RIGHT'>"OFF"</scene> states are not very large. These changes primarily occur in two regions known as SWITCH I (yellow) and SWITCH II (magenta), and can be visualized by toggling the spin off and on in these partial space-filling models. The RAS protein itself has an intrinsic GTPase activity, thereby limiting the duration of time spent in the "ON" configuration. The two most common oncogenic mutations in ''H-RAS'' affect residues <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_gly12/1' target='LEFT'>Gly12 </scene> and <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_gln61/1' target='LEFT'>Gln61</scene>, both of which are adjacent to the bound GTP molecule. These oncogenic mutations greatly inhibit the intrinsic GTPase activity, thereby causing the RAS switch to spend more time in the "ON" position. The RAS proteins are present at the plasma membrane and transmit signals from transmembrance receptor tyrosine kinases (e.g. EGF and PDGF receptors) to downstream intracellular effectors that include the MAPK protein kinase cascade and the PI3K lipid kinase. Binding of EGF or PDGF to their receptors causes a relocalization of a '''G'''uanine Nucleotide '''E'''xchange '''F'''actor (GEF) protein to the plasma membrane. The structure of <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-sos/5' target='OTHER'>SOS</scene>, a prototypic GEF, together with RAS implies that the GEF prys open the nucleotide binding site with a loss of bound GDP. The ten-fold higher ratio of GTP to GDP within the cell results in the replacement of RAS-GDP ("OFF" state) with RAS-GTP ("ON" state). Consistent with this model, gain-of-function mutations of ''GEF'' genes can be oncogenic (e.g. ''VAV'' oncogene) even in the absence of mutations of ''RAS''. Conversely, a GTPase Activating Protein (<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gap/5' target='OTHER'>GAP</scene>) can bind to RAS-GTP and increase the rate of the intrinsic RAS GTPase. Consistent with this model, loss-of-function mutations of GAP genes (e.g. NF1 tumor suppressor) can be oncogenic even in the absence of mutations of ''RAS'' itself.<br />
<br />
Milburn, et al. Science. 1990. 247: 939-45.<br />
<br />
Wittinghofer and Pai. Trends Biochem Sci. 1991. 16: 382-7.<br />
<br />
Malumbres and Barbacid. Nature Rev Cancer. 2003. 3: 459-65.<br />
<br />
Bos, Rehmann, and Wittinghofer. Cell. 2007. 129: 865-77. <br />
<br />
Karnoub and Weinberg. Nature Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2008. 9: 517-531.<br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switches/5' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switches/11' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_gly12/1' target='LEFT'>Gly12 </scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_gln61/1' target='LEFT'>Gln61</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/2' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP Switch I and II</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/3' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP Switch I and II</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-sos/5' target='OTHER'>RAS-SOS</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gap/5' target='OTHER'>RAS-GAP</scene></div>Joseph Lipsickhttps://proteopedia.org/index.php?title=User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS&diff=1028493User:Joseph Lipsick/RAS2009-12-22T01:30:41Z<p>Joseph Lipsick: </p>
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<div><applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GTP' name='LEFT' /><br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GDP' name='RIGHT'/><br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS REGULATORS' name='OTHER'/><br />
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The ''RAS'' gene family was discovered due to the presence of two closely related retroviral cancer genes (oncogenes)<br />
within the Harvey and Kirsten '''RA'''t '''S'''arcoma viruses. These retroviral oncogenes arose via capture of two normal cellular genes, ''H-RAS'' and ''K-RAS''. A DNA transfection assay for oncogenes in human bladder cancer later identified the same ''H-RAS'' gene. Remarkably, the mutated oncogenic form of ''H-RAS'' differed from its normal counterpart by a single nucleotide change that caused a single amino acid substitution. Biochemical studies of purified RAS proteins revealed that they were capable of binding nucleotides, with a particularly high affinity for GTP. Extensive genetic, biochemical, and structural studies have established a model in which the RAS proteins function as molecular switches, as do related GTP-binding proteins. The RAS switch is "ON" when it binds <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switches/5' target='LEFT'>GTP</scene>, and is "OFF" when it binds <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switches/11' target='RIGHT'>GDP</scene>. The changes in protein conformation between the <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/2' target='LEFT'>"ON"</scene> and <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/3' target='RIGHT'>"OFF"</scene> states are not very large. These changes primarily occur in two regions known as SWITCH I (yellow) and SWITCH II (magenta), and can be visualized by toggling the spin off and on in these partial space-filling models. The RAS protein itself has an intrinsic GTPase activity, thereby limiting the duration of time spent in the "ON" configuration. The two most common oncogenic mutations in ''H-RAS'' affect residues <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_gly12/1' target='LEFT'>Gly12 </scene> and <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_gln61/1' target='LEFT'>Gln61</scene>, both of which are adjacent to the bound GTP molecule. These oncogenic mutations greatly inhibit the intrinsic GTPase activity, thereby causing the RAS switch to spend more time in the "ON" position. The RAS proteins are present at the plasma membrane and transmit signals from transmembrance receptor tyrosine kinases (e.g. EGF and PDGF receptors) to downstream intracellular effectors that include the MAPK protein kinase cascade and the PI3K lipid kinase. Binding of EGF or PDGF to their receptors causes a relocalization of a '''G'''uanine Nucleotide '''E'''xchange '''F'''actor (GEF) protein to the plasma membrane. The structure of <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-sos/5' target='OTHER'>SOS</scene>, a prototypic GEF, together with RAS implies that the GEF prys open the nucleotide binding site with a loss of bound GDP. The ten-fold higher ratio of GTP to GDP within the cell results in the replacement of RAS-GDP ("OFF" state) with RAS-GTP ("ON" state). Consistent with this model, gain-of-function mutations of ''GEF'' genes can be oncogenic (e.g. ''VAV'' oncogene) even in the absence of mutations of ''RAS''. Conversely, a GTPase Activating Protein (<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gap/5' target='OTHER'>GAP</scene>) can bind to RAS-GTP and increase the rate of the intrinsic RAS GTPase. Consistent with this model, loss-of-function mutations of GAP genes (e.g. NF1 tumor suppressor) can be oncogenic even in the absence of mutations of ''RAS'' itself.<br />
<br />
Milburn, et al. Science. 1990. 247: 939-45.<br />
<br />
Wittinghofer and Pai. Trends Biochem Sci. 1991. 16: 382-7.<br />
<br />
Malumbres and Barbacid. Nature Rev Cancer. 2003. 3: 459-65.<br />
<br />
Bos, Rehmann, and Wittinghofer. Cell. 2007. 129: 865-77. <br />
<br />
Karnoub and Weinberg. Nature Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2008. 9: 517-531.<br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switches/5' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switches/11' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_gly12/1' target='LEFT'>Gly12 </scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_gln61/1' target='LEFT'>Gln61</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/2' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP Switch I and II</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/3' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP Switch I and II</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-sos/5' target='OTHER'>RAS-SOS</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gap/5' target='OTHER'>RAS-GAP</scene></div>Joseph Lipsickhttps://proteopedia.org/index.php?title=User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS&diff=1028492User:Joseph Lipsick/RAS2009-12-22T01:15:49Z<p>Joseph Lipsick: </p>
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<div><applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GTP' name='LEFT' /><br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GDP' name='RIGHT'/><br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS REGULATORS' name='OTHER'/><br />
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The ''RAS'' gene family was discovered due to the presence of two closely related retroviral cancer genes (oncogenes)<br />
within the Harvey and Kirsten '''RA'''t '''S'''arcoma viruses. These retroviral oncogenes arose via capture of two normal cellular genes, ''H-RAS'' and ''K-RAS''. A DNA transfection assay for oncogenes in human bladder cancer later identified the same ''H-RAS'' gene. Remarkably, the mutated oncogenic form of H-RAS differed from its normal counterpart by a single nucleotide change that caused a single amino acid substitution. Biochemical studies of purified RAS proteins revealed that they were capable of binding nucleotides, with a particularly high affinity for GTP. Extensive genetic, biochemical, and structural studies have established a model in which the RAS proteins function as molecular switches, as do related GTP-binding proteins. The RAS switch is "ON" when it binds <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switches/5' target='LEFT'>GTP</scene>, and is "OFF" when it binds <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switches/11' target='RIGHT'>GDP</scene>. The changes in protein conformation between the <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/2' target='LEFT'>"ON"</scene> and <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/3' target='RIGHT'>"OFF"</scene> states are not very large. These changes primarily occur in two regions known as SWITCH I (yellow) and SWITCH II (magenta), and can be visualized by toggling the spin off and on in these partial spacefilling models. The RAS protein itself has an intrinsic GTPase activity, thereby limiting the duration of time spent in the "ON" configuration. The two most common oncogenic mutations in ''H-RAS'' affect residues <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_gly12/1' target='LEFT'>Gly12 </scene> and <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_gln61/1' target='LEFT'>Gln61</scene>, both of which are adjacent to the bound GTP molecule. These oncogenic mutations greatly inhibit the intrinsic GTPase activity, thereby sticking the switch in the "ON" position. The RAS proteins are present at the plasma membrane and transmit signals from receptor tyrosine kinases (e.g. EGF and PDGF receptors) to downstream effectors that include the MAPK protein kinase cascade and the PI3K lipid kinase. Binding of EGF or PDGF to their receptors causes a relocalization of a '''G'''uanine Nucleotide '''E'''xchange '''F'''actor (GEF) to the plasma membrane. The structure of <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-sos/5' target='OTHER'>SOS</scene>, a prototypic GEF, together with RAS implies that the GEF prys open the nucleotide binding site with a loss of bound GDP. The ten-fold higher ratio of GTP to GDP within the cell results in the replacement of RAS-GDP ("OFF" state) with RAS-GTP ("ON" state). Consistent with this model, gain-of-function mutations of ''GEF'' genes can be oncogenic even in the absence of mutations of ''RAS''. Conversely, a GTPase Activating Protein (<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gap/5' target='OTHER'>GAP</scene>) can bind to RAS-GTP and increase the rate of the intrinsic RAS GTPase. Consistent with this model, loss-of-function mutations of GAP gene (e.g. NF1) can be oncogenic even in the absence of mutations of ''RAS'' itself.<br />
<br />
Milburn, et al. Science. 1990 Feb 23;247(4945):939-45.<br />
<br />
Wittinghofer and Pai. Trends Biochem Sci. 1991 Oct;16(10):382-7.<br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switches/5' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switches/11' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_gly12/1' target='LEFT'>Gly12 </scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_gln61/1' target='LEFT'>Gln61</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/2' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP Switch I and II</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/3' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP Switch I and II</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-sos/5' target='OTHER'>RAS-SOS</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gap/5' target='OTHER'>RAS-GAP</scene></div>Joseph Lipsickhttps://proteopedia.org/index.php?title=User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS&diff=1028491User:Joseph Lipsick/RAS2009-12-22T01:15:04Z<p>Joseph Lipsick: </p>
<hr />
<div><applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GTP' name='LEFT' /><br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GDP' name='RIGHT'/><br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS REGULATORS' name='OTHER'/><br />
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The ''RAS'' gene family was discovered due to the presence of two closely related retroviral cancer genes (oncogenes)<br />
within the Harvey and Kirsten '''RA'''t '''S'''arcoma viruses. These retroviral oncogenes arose via capture of two normal cellular genes, ''H-RAS'' and ''K-RAS''. A DNA transfection assay for oncogenes in human bladder cancer later identified the same ''H-RAS'' gene. Remarkably, the mutated oncogenic form of H-RAS differed from its normal counterpart by a single nucleotide change that caused a single amino acid substitution. Biochemical studies of purified RAS proteins revealed that they were capable of binding nucleotides, with a particularly high affinity for GTP. Extensive genetic, biochemical, and structural studies have established a model in which the RAS proteins function as molecular switches, as do related GTP-binding proteins. The RAS switch is "ON" when it binds <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switches/5' target='LEFT'>GTP</scene>, and is "OFF" when it binds <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switches/11' target='RIGHT'>GDP</scene>. The changes in protein conformation between the <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/2' target='LEFT'>"ON"</scene> and <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/3' target='RIGHT'>"OFF"</scene> states are not very large. These changes primarily occur in two regions known as SWITCH I (yellow) and SWITCH II (magenta), and can be visualized by toggling the spin off and on in these partial spacefilling models. The RAS protein itself has an intrinsic GTPase activity, thereby limiting the duration of time spent in the "ON" configuration. The two most common oncogenic mutations in ''H-RAS'' affect residues <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_gly12/1' target='LEFT'>Gly12 </scene> and <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_gln61/1' target='LEFT'>Gln61</scene>, both of which are adjacent to the bound GTP molecule. These oncogenic mutations greatly inhibit the intrinsic GTPase activity, thereby sticking the switch in the "ON" position. The RAS proteins are present at the plasma membrane and transmit signals from receptor tyrosine kinases (e.g. EGF and PDGF receptors) to downstream effectors that include the MAPK protein kinase cascade and the PI3K lipid kinase. Binding of EGF or PDGF to their receptors causes a relocalization of a '''G'''uanine Nucleotide '''E'''xchange '''F'''actor (GEF) to the plasma membrane. The structure of <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-sos/5' target='OTHER'>SOS</scene>, a prototypic GEF, together with RAS implies that the GEF prys open the nucleotide binding site with a loss of bound GDP. The ten-fold higher ratio of GTP to GDP within the cell results in the replacement of RAS-GDP ("OFF" state) with RAS-GTP ("ON" state). Consistent with this model, gain-of-function mutations of ''GEF'' genes can be oncogenic even in the absence of mutations of ''RAS''. Conversely, a GTPase Activating Protein (<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gap/5' target='OTHER'>GAP</scene>) can bind to RAS-GTP and increase the rate of the intrinsic RAS GTPase. Consistent with this model, loss-of-function mutations of GAP gene (e.g. NF1) can be oncogenic even in the absence of mutations of ''RAS'' itself.<br />
<br />
Milburn, et al. Science. 1990 Feb 23;247(4945):939-45.<br />
<br />
Wittinghofer and Pai. Trends Biochem Sci. 1991 Oct;16(10):382-7.<br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switches/5' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_gly12/1' target='LEFT'>Gly12 </scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_gln61/1' target='LEFT'>Gln61</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switches/11' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/2' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP Switch I and II</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/3' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP Switch I and II</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-sos/5' target='OTHER'>RAS-SOS</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gap/5' target='OTHER'>RAS-GAP</scene></div>Joseph Lipsickhttps://proteopedia.org/index.php?title=User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS&diff=1028490User:Joseph Lipsick/RAS2009-12-22T01:14:16Z<p>Joseph Lipsick: </p>
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<div><applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GTP' name='LEFT' /><br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GDP' name='RIGHT'/><br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS REGULATORS' name='OTHER'/><br />
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The ''RAS'' gene family was discovered due to the presence of two closely related retroviral cancer genes (oncogenes)<br />
within the Harvey and Kirsten '''RA'''t '''S'''arcoma viruses. These retroviral oncogenes arose via capture of two normal cellular genes, ''H-RAS'' and ''K-RAS''. A DNA transfection assay for oncogenes in human bladder cancer later identified the same ''H-RAS'' gene. Remarkably, the mutated oncogenic form of H-RAS differed from its normal counterpart by a single nucleotide change that caused a single amino acid substitution. Biochemical studies of purified RAS proteins revealed that they were capable of binding nucleotides, with a particularly high affinity for GTP. Extensive genetic, biochemical, and structural studies have established a model in which the RAS proteins function as molecular switches, as do related GTP-binding proteins. The RAS switch is "ON" when it binds <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switches/5' target='LEFT'>GTP</scene>, and is "OFF" when it binds <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switches/11' target='RIGHT'>GDP</scene>. The changes in protein conformation between the <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/2' target='LEFT'>"ON"</scene> and <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/3' target='RIGHT'>"OFF"</scene> states are not very large. These changes primarily occur in two regions known as SWITCH I (yellow) and SWITCH II (magenta), and can be visualized by toggling the spin off and on in these partial spacefilling models. The RAS protein itself has an intrinsic GTPase activity, thereby limiting the duration of time spent in the "ON" configuration. The two most common oncogenic mutations in ''H-RAS'' affect residues <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_gly12/1' target='LEFT'>Gly12 </scene> and <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_gln61/1' target='LEFT'>Gln61</scene>, both of which are adjacent to the bound GTP molecule. These oncogenic mutations greatly inhibit the intrinsic GTPase activity, thereby sticking the switch in the "ON" position. The RAS proteins are present at the plasma membrane and transmit signals from receptor tyrosine kinases (e.g. EGF and PDGF receptors) to downstream effectors that include the MAPK protein kinase cascade and the PI3K lipid kinase. Binding of EGF or PDGF to their receptors causes a relocalization of a '''G'''uanine Nucleotide '''E'''xchange '''F'''actor (GEF) to the plasma membrane. The structure of <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-sos/5' target='OTHER'>SOS</scene>, a prototypic GEF, together with RAS implies that the GEF prys open the nucleotide binding site with a loss of bound GDP. The ten-fold higher ratio of GTP to GDP within the cell results in the replacement of RAS-GDP ("OFF" state) with RAS-GTP ("ON" state). Consistent with this model, gain-of-function mutations of ''GEF'' genes can be oncogenic even in the absence of mutations of ''RAS''. Conversely, a GTPase Activating Protein (<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gap/5' target='OTHER'>GAP</scene>) can bind to RAS-GTP and increase the rate of the intrinsic RAS GTPase. Consistent with this model, loss-of-function mutations of GAP gene (e.g. NF1) can be oncogenic even in the absence of mutations of ''RAS'' itself.<br />
Milburn, et al. Science. 1990 Feb 23;247(4945):939-45.<br />
Wittinghofer and Pai. Trends Biochem Sci. 1991 Oct;16(10):382-7.<br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switches/5' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_gly12/1' target='LEFT'>Gly12 </scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_gln61/1' target='LEFT'>Gln61</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switches/11' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/2' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP Switch I and II</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/3' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP Switch I and II</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-sos/5' target='OTHER'>RAS-SOS</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gap/5' target='OTHER'>RAS-GAP</scene></div>Joseph Lipsickhttps://proteopedia.org/index.php?title=User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS&diff=1028489User:Joseph Lipsick/RAS2009-12-22T01:13:27Z<p>Joseph Lipsick: </p>
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<div><applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GTP' name='LEFT' /><br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GDP' name='RIGHT'/><br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS REGULATORS' name='OTHER'/><br />
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The ''RAS'' gene family was discovered due to the presence of two closely related retroviral cancer genes (oncogenes) within the Harvey and Kirsten '''RA'''t '''S'''arcoma viruses. These retroviral oncogenes arose via capture of two normal cellular genes, ''H-RAS'' and ''K-RAS''. A DNA transfection assay for oncogenes in human bladder cancer later identified the same ''H-RAS'' gene. Remarkably, the mutated oncogenic form of H-RAS differed from its normal counterpart by a single nucleotide change that caused a single amino acid substitution. Biochemical studies of purified RAS proteins revealed that they were capable of binding nucleotides, with a particularly high affinity for GTP. Extensive genetic, biochemical, and structural studies have established a model in which the RAS proteins function as molecular switches, as do related GTP-binding proteins. The RAS switch is "ON" when it binds <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switches/5' target='LEFT'>GTP</scene>, and is "OFF" when it binds <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switches/11' target='RIGHT'>GDP</scene>. The changes in protein conformation between the <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/2' target='LEFT'>"ON"</scene> and <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/3' target='RIGHT'>"OFF"</scene> states are not very large. These changes primarily occur in two regions known as SWITCH I (yellow) and SWITCH II (magenta), and can be visualized by toggling the spin off and on in these partial spacefilling models. The RAS protein itself has an intrinsic GTPase activity, thereby limiting the duration of time spent in the "ON" configuration. The two most common oncogenic mutations in ''H-RAS'' affect residues <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_gly12/1' target='LEFT'>Gly12 </scene> and <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_gln61/1' target='LEFT'>Gln61</scene>, both of which are adjacent to the bound GTP molecule. These oncogenic mutations greatly inhibit the intrinsic GTPase activity, thereby sticking the switch in the "ON" position. The RAS proteins are present at the plasma membrane and transmit signals from receptor tyrosine kinases (e.g. EGF and PDGF receptors) to downstream effectors that include the MAPK protein kinase cascade and the PI3K lipid kinase. Binding of EGF or PDGF to their receptors causes a relocalization of a '''G'''uanine Nucleotide '''E'''xchange '''F'''actor (GEF) to the plasma membrane. The structure of <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-sos/5' target='OTHER'>SOS</scene>, a prototypic GEF, together with RAS implies that the GEF prys open the nucleotide binding site with a loss of bound GDP. The ten-fold higher ratio of GTP to GDP within the cell results in the replacement of RAS-GDP ("OFF" state) with RAS-GTP ("ON" state). Consistent with this model, gain-of-function mutations of ''GEF'' genes can be oncogenic even in the absence of mutations of ''RAS''. Conversely, a GTPase Activating Protein (<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gap/5' target='OTHER'>GAP</scene>) can bind to RAS-GTP and increase the rate of the intrinsic RAS GTPase. Consistent with this model, loss-of-function mutations of GAP gene (e.g. NF1) can be oncogenic even in the absence of mutations of ''RAS'' itself.<br />
Milburn, et al. Science. 1990 Feb 23;247(4945):939-45.<br />
Wittinghofer and Pai. Trends Biochem Sci. 1991 Oct;16(10):382-7.<br />
<br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switches/5' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_gly12/1' target='LEFT'>Gly12 </scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_gln61/1' target='LEFT'>Gln61</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switches/11' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/2' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP Switch I and II</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/3' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP Switch I and II</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-sos/5' target='OTHER'>RAS-SOS</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gap/5' target='OTHER'>RAS-GAP</scene></div>Joseph Lipsickhttps://proteopedia.org/index.php?title=User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS&diff=1028488User:Joseph Lipsick/RAS2009-12-22T01:12:46Z<p>Joseph Lipsick: </p>
<hr />
<div><applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GTP' name='LEFT' /><br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GDP' name='RIGHT'/><br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS REGULATORS' name='OTHER'/><br />
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The ''RAS'' gene family was discovered due to the presence of two closely related retroviral cancer genes (oncogenes) within the Harvey and Kirsten '''RA'''t '''S'''arcoma viruses. These retroviral oncogenes arose via capture of two normal cellular genes, ''H-RAS'' and ''K-RAS''. A DNA transfection assay for oncogenes in human bladder cancer later identified the same ''H-RAS'' gene. Remarkably, the mutated oncogenic form of H-RAS differed from its normal counterpart by a single nucleotide change that caused a single amino acid substitution. Biochemical studies of purified RAS proteins revealed that they were capable of binding nucleotides, with a particularly high affinity for GTP. Extensive genetic, biochemical, and structural studies have established a model in which the RAS proteins function as molecular switches, as do related GTP-binding proteins. The RAS switch is "ON" when it binds <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switches/5' target='LEFT'>GTP</scene>, and is "OFF" when it binds <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switches/11' target='RIGHT'>GDP</scene>. The changes in protein conformation between the <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/2' target='LEFT'>"ON"</scene> and <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/3' target='RIGHT'>"OFF"</scene> states are not very large. These changes primarily occur in two regions known as SWITCH I (yellow) and SWITCH II (magenta), and can be visualized by toggling the spin off and on in these partial spacefilling models.<br />
The RAS protein itself has an intrinsic GTPase activity, thereby limiting the duration of time spent in the "ON" configuration. The two most common oncogenic mutations in ''H-RAS'' affect residues <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_gly12/1' target='LEFT'>Gly12 </scene> and <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_gln61/1' target='LEFT'>Gln61</scene>, both of which are adjacent to the bound GTP molecule. These oncogenic mutations greatly inhibit the intrinsic GTPase activity, thereby sticking the switch in the "ON" position.<br />
The RAS proteins are present at the plasma membrane and transmit signals from receptor tyrosine kinases (e.g. EGF and PDGF receptors) to downstream effectors that include the MAPK protein kinase cascade and the PI3K lipid kinase. Binding of EGF or PDGF to their receptors causes a relocalization of a '''G'''uanine Nucleotide '''E'''xchange '''F'''actor (GEF) to the plasma membrane. The structure of <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-sos/5' target='OTHER'>SOS</scene>, a prototypic GEF, together with RAS implies that the GEF prys open the nucleotide binding site with a loss of bound GDP. The ten-fold higher ratio of GTP to GDP within the cell results in the replacement of RAS-GDP ("OFF" state) with RAS-GTP ("ON" state). Consistent with this model, gain-of-function mutations of ''GEF'' genes can be oncogenic even in the absence of mutations of ''RAS''. Conversely, a GTPase Activating Protein (<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gap/5' target='OTHER'>GAP</scene>) can bind to RAS-GTP and increase the rate of the intrinsic RAS GTPase. Consistent with this model, loss-of-function mutations of GAP gene (e.g. NF1) can be oncogenic even in the absence of mutations of ''RAS'' itself.<br />
Milburn, et al. Science. 1990 Feb 23;247(4945):939-45.<br />
Wittinghofer and Pai. Trends Biochem Sci. 1991 Oct;16(10):382-7.<br />
<br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switches/5' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_gly12/1' target='LEFT'>Gly12 </scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_gln61/1' target='LEFT'>Gln61</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switches/11' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/2' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP Switch I and II</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/3' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP Switch I and II</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-sos/5' target='OTHER'>RAS-SOS</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gap/5' target='OTHER'>RAS-GAP</scene></div>Joseph Lipsickhttps://proteopedia.org/index.php?title=User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS&diff=1028487User:Joseph Lipsick/RAS2009-12-22T01:11:35Z<p>Joseph Lipsick: </p>
<hr />
<div><applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GTP' name='LEFT' /><br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GDP' name='RIGHT'/><br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS REGULATORS' name='OTHER'/><br />
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The ''RAS'' gene family was discovered due to the presence of two closely related retroviral cancer genes (oncogenes) within the Harvey and Kirsten '''RA'''t '''S'''arcoma viruses. These retroviral oncogenes arose via capture of two normal cellular genes, ''H-RAS'' and ''K-RAS''. A DNA transfection assay for oncogenes in human bladder cancer later identified the same ''H-RAS'' gene. Remarkably, the mutated oncogenic form of H-RAS differed from its normal counterpart by a single nucleotide change that caused a single amino acid substitution. Biochemical studies of purified RAS proteins revealed that they were capable of binding nucleotides, with a particularly high affinity for GTP. Extensive genetic, biochemical, and structural studies have established a model in which the RAS proteins function as molecular switches, as do related GTP-binding proteins. The RAS switch is "ON" when it binds <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switches/5' target='LEFT'>GTP</scene>, and is "OFF" when it binds <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switches/11' target='RIGHT'>GDP</scene>. The changes in protein conformation between the <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/2' target='LEFT'>"ON"</scene> and <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/3' target='RIGHT'>"OFF"</scene> states are not very large. These changes primarily occur in two regions known as SWITCH I (yellow) and SWITCH II (magenta), and can be visualized by toggling the spin off and on in these partial spacefilling models.<br />
<br />
The RAS protein itself has an intrinsic GTPase activity, thereby limiting the duration of time spent in the "ON" configuration. The two most common oncogenic mutations in ''H-RAS'' affect residues <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_gly12/1' target='LEFT'>Gly12 </scene> and <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_gln61/1' target='LEFT'>Gln61</scene>, both of which are adjacent to the bound GTP molecule. These oncogenic mutations greatly inhibit the intrinsic GTPase activity, thereby sticking the switch in the "ON" position.<br />
<br />
The RAS proteins are present at the plasma membrane and transmit signals from receptor tyrosine kinases (e.g. EGF and PDGF receptors) to downstream effectors that include the MAPK protein kinase cascade and the PI3K lipid kinase. Binding of EGF or PDGF to their receptors causes a relocalization of a '''G'''uanine Nucleotide '''E'''xchange '''F'''actor (GEF) to the plasma membrane. The structure of <scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-sos/5' target='OTHER'>SOS</scene>, a prototypic GEF, together with RAS implies that the GEF prys open the nucleotide binding site with a loss of bound GDP. The ten-fold higher ratio of GTP to GDP within the cell results in the replacement of RAS-GDP ("OFF" state) with RAS-GTP ("ON" state). Consistent with this model, gain-of-function mutations of ''GEF'' genes can be oncogenic even in the absence of mutations of ''RAS''. Conversely, a GTPase Activating Protein (<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gap/5' target='OTHER'>GAP</scene>) can bind to RAS-GTP and increase the rate of the intrinsic RAS GTPase. Consistent with this model, loss-of-function mutations of GAP gene (e.g. NF1) can be oncogenic even in the absence of mutations of ''RAS'' itself.<br />
<br />
Milburn, et al. Science. 1990 Feb 23;247(4945):939-45.<br />
<br />
Wittinghofer and Pai. Trends Biochem Sci. 1991 Oct;16(10):382-7.<br />
<br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switches/5' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_gly12/1' target='LEFT'>Gly12 </scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_gln61/1' target='LEFT'>Gln61</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switches/11' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/2' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP Switch I and II</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/3' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP Switch I and II</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-sos/5' target='OTHER'>RAS-SOS</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gap/5' target='OTHER'>RAS-GAP</scene></div>Joseph Lipsickhttps://proteopedia.org/index.php?title=User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS&diff=1028299User:Joseph Lipsick/RAS2009-12-20T07:44:47Z<p>Joseph Lipsick: </p>
<hr />
<div><applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GTP' name='LEFT' /><br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GDP' name='RIGHT'/><br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS REGULATORS' name='OTHER'/><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switches/5' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_gly12/1' target='LEFT'>Gly12 </scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_gln61/1' target='LEFT'>Gln61</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switches/11' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switch_i_spacefill/1' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP Switch I</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switch_i_spacefill/2' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP Switch I</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/2' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP Switch I and II</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/3' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP Switch I and II</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-sos/5' target='OTHER'>RAS-SOS</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gap/5' target='OTHER'>RAS-GAP</scene><br />
<br />
Milburn, et al. Science. 1990 Feb 23;247(4945):939-45.<br />
<br />
Wittinghofer and Pai. Trends Biochem Sci. 1991 Oct;16(10):382-7.</div>Joseph Lipsickhttps://proteopedia.org/index.php?title=User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS&diff=1028298User:Joseph Lipsick/RAS2009-12-20T07:40:47Z<p>Joseph Lipsick: </p>
<hr />
<div><applet load='5P21' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GTP' name='LEFT' /><br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GDP' name='RIGHT'/><br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS REGULATORS' name='OTHER'/><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switches/5' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_gly12/1' target='LEFT'>Gly12 </scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_gln61/1' target='LEFT'>Gln61</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switches/11' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switch_i_spacefill/1' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP Switch I</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switch_i_spacefill/2' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP Switch I</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/2' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP Switch I and II</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/3' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP Switch I and II</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-sos/5' target='OTHER'>RAS-SOS</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gap/5' target='OTHER'>RAS-GAP</scene><br />
<br />
Milburn, et al. Science. 1990 Feb 23;247(4945):939-45.<br />
<br />
Wittinghofer and Pai. Trends Biochem Sci. 1991 Oct;16(10):382-7.</div>Joseph Lipsickhttps://proteopedia.org/index.php?title=User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS&diff=1028297User:Joseph Lipsick/RAS2009-12-20T07:32:52Z<p>Joseph Lipsick: </p>
<hr />
<div><applet load='5P21' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GTP' name='LEFT' /><br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GDP' name='RIGHT'/><br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS REGULATORS' name='OTHER'/><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switches/5' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_gly12/1' target='LEFT'>Gly12 </scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_gln61/1' target='LEFT'>Gln61</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switches/11' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switch_i_spacefill/1' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP Switch I</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switch_i_spacefill/2' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP Switch I</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/2' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP Switch I and II</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/3' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP Switch I and II</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-sos/4' target='OTHER'>RAS-SOS</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gap/1' target='OTHER'>RAS-GAP</scene><br />
<br />
Milburn, et al. Science. 1990 Feb 23;247(4945):939-45.<br />
<br />
Wittinghofer and Pai. Trends Biochem Sci. 1991 Oct;16(10):382-7.</div>Joseph Lipsickhttps://proteopedia.org/index.php?title=User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS&diff=1028296User:Joseph Lipsick/RAS2009-12-20T07:26:12Z<p>Joseph Lipsick: </p>
<hr />
<div><applet load='5P21' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GTP' name='LEFT' /><br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GDP' name='RIGHT'/><br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS REGULATORS' name='OTHER'/><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switches/5' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_gly12/1' target='LEFT'>Gly12 </scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_gln61/1' target='LEFT'>Gln61</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switches/11' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switch_i_spacefill/1' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP Switch I</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switch_i_spacefill/2' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP Switch I</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/2' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP Switch I and II</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/3' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP Switch I and II</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-sos/4' target='OTHER'>RAS-SOS</scene><br />
<br />
Milburn, et al. Science. 1990 Feb 23;247(4945):939-45.<br />
<br />
Wittinghofer and Pai. Trends Biochem Sci. 1991 Oct;16(10):382-7.</div>Joseph Lipsickhttps://proteopedia.org/index.php?title=User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS&diff=1028295User:Joseph Lipsick/RAS2009-12-20T07:19:01Z<p>Joseph Lipsick: </p>
<hr />
<div><applet load='5P21' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GTP' name='LEFT' /><br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GDP' name='RIGHT'/><br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS REGULATORS' name='OTHER'/><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switches/5' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_gly12/1' target='LEFT'>Gly12 </scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_gln61/1' target='LEFT'>Gln61</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switches/11' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switch_i_spacefill/1' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP Switch I (Spacefill)</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switch_i_spacefill/2' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP Switch I (Spacefill)</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/2' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP Switch I and II</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/3' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP Switch I and II</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-sos/4' target='OTHER'>RAS-SOS</scene><br />
<br />
Milburn, et al. Science. 1990 Feb 23;247(4945):939-45.<br />
<br />
Wittinghofer and Pai. Trends Biochem Sci. 1991 Oct;16(10):382-7.</div>Joseph Lipsickhttps://proteopedia.org/index.php?title=User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS&diff=1028294User:Joseph Lipsick/RAS2009-12-20T07:14:16Z<p>Joseph Lipsick: </p>
<hr />
<div><applet load='5P21' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GTP' name='LEFT' /><br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GDP' name='RIGHT'/><br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS REGULATORS' name='OTHER'/><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switches/5' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_gly12/1' target='LEFT'>Gly12 </scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_gln61/1' target='LEFT'>Gln61</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switches/11' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switch_i_spacefill/1' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP Switch I (Spacefill)</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switch_i_spacefill/2' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP Switch I (Spacefill)</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/1' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP Switch I and II</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/2' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP Switch I and II</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-sos/4' target='OTHER'>RAS-SOS</scene><br />
<br />
Milburn, et al. Science. 1990 Feb 23;247(4945):939-45.<br />
<br />
Wittinghofer and Pai. Trends Biochem Sci. 1991 Oct;16(10):382-7.</div>Joseph Lipsickhttps://proteopedia.org/index.php?title=User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS&diff=1028293User:Joseph Lipsick/RAS2009-12-20T07:04:48Z<p>Joseph Lipsick: </p>
<hr />
<div><applet load='5P21' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GTP' name='LEFT' /><br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GDP' name='RIGHT'/><br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS REGULATORS' name='OTHER'/><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switches/4' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP with Switch Regions (Ribbon Display)</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_gly12/1' target='LEFT'>Gly12 </scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_gln61/1' target='LEFT'>Gln61</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switches/8' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP with Switch Regions (Ribbon Display)</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switch_i_spacefill/1' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP Switch I (Spacefill)</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switch_i_spacefill/2' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP Switch I (Spacefill)</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/1' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP Switch I and II</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/2' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP Switch I and II</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-sos/4' target='OTHER'>RAS-SOS</scene><br />
<br />
Milburn, et al. Science. 1990 Feb 23;247(4945):939-45.<br />
<br />
Wittinghofer and Pai. Trends Biochem Sci. 1991 Oct;16(10):382-7.</div>Joseph Lipsickhttps://proteopedia.org/index.php?title=User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS&diff=1028292User:Joseph Lipsick/RAS2009-12-20T06:56:08Z<p>Joseph Lipsick: </p>
<hr />
<div><applet load='5P21' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GTP' name='LEFT' /><br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GDP' name='RIGHT'/><br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS REGULATORS' name='OTHER'/><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switches/4' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP with Switch Regions (Ribbon Display)</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_gly12/1' target='LEFT'>Gly12 </scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_gln61/1' target='LEFT'>Gln61</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switches/8' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP with Switch Regions (Ribbon Display)</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switch_i_spacefill/1' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP Switch I (Spacefill)</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switch_i_spacefill/2' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP Switch I (Spacefill)</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/1' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP Switch I and II</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/2' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP Switch I and II</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-sos/2' target='OTHER'>RAS-SOS</scene><br />
<br />
Milburn, et al. Science. 1990 Feb 23;247(4945):939-45.<br />
<br />
Wittinghofer and Pai. Trends Biochem Sci. 1991 Oct;16(10):382-7.</div>Joseph Lipsickhttps://proteopedia.org/index.php?title=User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS&diff=1028277User:Joseph Lipsick/RAS2009-12-20T02:31:59Z<p>Joseph Lipsick: </p>
<hr />
<div><applet load='5P21' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GTP' name='LEFT' /><br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GDP' name='RIGHT'/><br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS REGULATORS' name='OTHER'/><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switches/4' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP with Switch Regions (Ribbon Display)</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_gly12/1' target='LEFT'>Glycine 12 </scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switches/8' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP with Switch Regions (Ribbon Display)</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switch_i_spacefill/1' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP Switch I (Spacefill)</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switch_i_spacefill/2' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP Switch I (Spacefill)</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/1' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP Switch I and II</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/2' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP Switch I and II</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-sos/2' target='OTHER'>RAS-SOS</scene><br />
<br />
Milburn, et al. Science. 1990 Feb 23;247(4945):939-45.<br />
<br />
Wittinghofer and Pai. Trends Biochem Sci. 1991 Oct;16(10):382-7.</div>Joseph Lipsickhttps://proteopedia.org/index.php?title=User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS&diff=1028276User:Joseph Lipsick/RAS2009-12-20T02:28:16Z<p>Joseph Lipsick: </p>
<hr />
<div><applet load='5P21' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GTP' name='LEFT' /><br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GDP' name='RIGHT'/><br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS REGULATORS' name='OTHER'/><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switches/4' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP with Switch Regions (Ribbon Display)</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_gly12/1' target='LEFT'>Glycine 12 </scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switches/8' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP with Switch Regions (Ribbon Display)</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switch_i_spacefill/1' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP Switch I (Spacefill)</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switch_i_spacefill/2' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP Switch I (Spacefill)</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/1' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP Switch I and II</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/2' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP Switch I and II</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-sos/1' target='OTHER'>RAS-SOS</scene><br />
<br />
Milburn, et al. Science. 1990 Feb 23;247(4945):939-45.<br />
<br />
Wittinghofer and Pai. Trends Biochem Sci. 1991 Oct;16(10):382-7.</div>Joseph Lipsickhttps://proteopedia.org/index.php?title=User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS&diff=1028273User:Joseph Lipsick/RAS2009-12-20T02:08:21Z<p>Joseph Lipsick: </p>
<hr />
<div><applet load='5P21' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GTP' name='LEFT' /><br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GDP' name='RIGHT'/><br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS REGULATORS' name='OTHER'/><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switches/4' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP with Switch Regions (Ribbon Display)</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_gly12/1' target='LEFT'>Glycine 12 </scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switches/8' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP with Switch Regions (Ribbon Display)</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switch_i_spacefill/1' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP Switch I (Spacefill)</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switch_i_spacefill/2' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP Switch I (Spacefill)</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/1' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP Switch I and II</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/2' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP Switch I and II</scene><br />
<br />
Milburn, et al. Science. 1990 Feb 23;247(4945):939-45.<br />
<br />
Wittinghofer and Pai. Trends Biochem Sci. 1991 Oct;16(10):382-7.</div>Joseph Lipsickhttps://proteopedia.org/index.php?title=User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS&diff=1028272User:Joseph Lipsick/RAS2009-12-20T02:00:07Z<p>Joseph Lipsick: </p>
<hr />
<div><applet load='5P21' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GTP' name='LEFT' /><br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GDP' name='RIGHT'/><br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS REGULATORS' name='OTHER'/><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switches/4' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP with Switch Regions (Ribbon Display)</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switches/8' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP with Switch Regions (Ribbon Display)</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switch_i_spacefill/1' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP Switch I (Spacefill)</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switch_i_spacefill/2' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP Switch I (Spacefill)</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/1' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP Switch I and II</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/2' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP Switch I and II</scene><br />
<br />
Milburn, et al. Science. 1990 Feb 23;247(4945):939-45.<br />
<br />
Wittinghofer and Pai. Trends Biochem Sci. 1991 Oct;16(10):382-7.</div>Joseph Lipsickhttps://proteopedia.org/index.php?title=User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS&diff=1028269User:Joseph Lipsick/RAS2009-12-20T01:54:48Z<p>Joseph Lipsick: </p>
<hr />
<div><applet load='5P21' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GTP' name='LEFT' /><br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GDP' name='RIGHT'/><br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS REGULATORS' name='OTHER'/><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switches/4' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP with Switch Regions (Ribbon Display)</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switches/7' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP with Switch Regions (Ribbon Display)</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switch_i_spacefill/1' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP Switch I (Spacefill)</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switch_i_spacefill/1' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP Switch I (Spacefill)</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/1' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP Switch I and II</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/2' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP Switch I and II</scene><br />
<br />
Milburn, et al. Science. 1990 Feb 23;247(4945):939-45.<br />
<br />
Wittinghofer and Pai. Trends Biochem Sci. 1991 Oct;16(10):382-7.</div>Joseph Lipsickhttps://proteopedia.org/index.php?title=User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS&diff=1028268User:Joseph Lipsick/RAS2009-12-20T01:49:15Z<p>Joseph Lipsick: </p>
<hr />
<div><applet load='5P21' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GTP' name='LEFT' /><br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GDP' name='RIGHT'/><br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS REGULATORS' name='OTHER'/><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switches/4' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP with Switch Regions (Ribbon Display)</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switches/7' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP with Switch Regions (Ribbon Display)</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switch_i_spacefill/1' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP Switch I (Spacefill)</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switch_i_spacefill/1' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP Switch I (Spacefill)</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/1' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP Switch I and II</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/1' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP Switch I and II</scene><br />
<br />
Milburn, et al. Science. 1990 Feb 23;247(4945):939-45.<br />
<br />
Wittinghofer and Pai. Trends Biochem Sci. 1991 Oct;16(10):382-7.</div>Joseph Lipsickhttps://proteopedia.org/index.php?title=User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS&diff=1028267User:Joseph Lipsick/RAS2009-12-20T01:46:23Z<p>Joseph Lipsick: </p>
<hr />
<div><applet load='5P21' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GTP' name='LEFT' /><br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GDP' name='RIGHT'/><br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS REGULATORS' name='OTHER'/><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switches/4' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP with Switch Regions (Ribbon Display)</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switches/7' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP with Switch Regions (Ribbon Display)</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switch_i_spacefill/1' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP Switch I (Spacefill)</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switch_i_spacefill/1' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP Switch I (Spacefill)</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switch_i_ii_spacefill/1'>RAS-GTP Switch I and II</scene><br />
<br />
Milburn, et al. Science. 1990 Feb 23;247(4945):939-45.<br />
<br />
Wittinghofer and Pai. Trends Biochem Sci. 1991 Oct;16(10):382-7.</div>Joseph Lipsickhttps://proteopedia.org/index.php?title=User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS&diff=1028266User:Joseph Lipsick/RAS2009-12-20T01:41:52Z<p>Joseph Lipsick: </p>
<hr />
<div><applet load='5P21' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GTP' name='LEFT' /><br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GDP' name='RIGHT'/><br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GEF' name='OTHER'/><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switches/4' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP with Switch Regions (Ribbon Display)</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switches/7' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP with Switch Regions (Ribbon Display)</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switch_i_spacefill/1' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP Switch I (Spacefill)</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switch_i_spacefill/1' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP Switch I (Spacefill)</scene><br />
<br />
Milburn, et al. Science. 1990 Feb 23;247(4945):939-45.<br />
<br />
Wittinghofer and Pai. Trends Biochem Sci. 1991 Oct;16(10):382-7.</div>Joseph Lipsickhttps://proteopedia.org/index.php?title=User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS&diff=1028265User:Joseph Lipsick/RAS2009-12-20T01:41:07Z<p>Joseph Lipsick: </p>
<hr />
<div><applet load='5P21' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GTP' name='LEFT' /><br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GDP' name='RIGHT'/><br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='' name='OTHER'/><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switches/4' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP with Switch Regions (Ribbon Display)</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switches/7' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP with Switch Regions (Ribbon Display)</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switch_i_spacefill/1' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP Switch I (Spacefill)</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switch_i_spacefill/1' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP Switch I (Spacefill)</scene><br />
<br />
Milburn, et al. Science. 1990 Feb 23;247(4945):939-45.<br />
<br />
Wittinghofer and Pai. Trends Biochem Sci. 1991 Oct;16(10):382-7.</div>Joseph Lipsickhttps://proteopedia.org/index.php?title=User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS&diff=1028264User:Joseph Lipsick/RAS2009-12-20T01:03:30Z<p>Joseph Lipsick: </p>
<hr />
<div><applet load='5P21' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GTP' name='LEFT' /><br />
<br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GDP' name='RIGHT'/><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switches/4' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP with Switch Regions (Ribbon Display)</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switches/7' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP with Switch Regions (Ribbon Display)</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switch_i_spacefill/1' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP Switch I (Spacefill)</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switch_i_spacefill/1' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP Switch I (Spacefill)</scene><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Milburn, et al. Science. 1990 Feb 23;247(4945):939-45.<br />
<br />
Wittinghofer and Pai. Trends Biochem Sci. 1991 Oct;16(10):382-7.</div>Joseph Lipsickhttps://proteopedia.org/index.php?title=User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS&diff=1028263User:Joseph Lipsick/RAS2009-12-20T01:02:02Z<p>Joseph Lipsick: </p>
<hr />
<div><applet load='5P21' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GTP' name='LEFT' /><br />
<br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GDP' name='RIGHT'/><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switches/4' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP with Switch Regions (Ribbon Display)</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switches/7' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP with Switch Regions (Ribbon Display)</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switch_i_spacefill/1' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP Switch I (Spacefill)</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switch_i_spacefill/1' target='LEFT'>RAS-GDP Switch I (Spacefill)</scene><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Milburn, et al. Science. 1990 Feb 23;247(4945):939-45.<br />
<br />
Wittinghofer and Pai. Trends Biochem Sci. 1991 Oct;16(10):382-7.</div>Joseph Lipsickhttps://proteopedia.org/index.php?title=User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS&diff=1028262User:Joseph Lipsick/RAS2009-12-20T01:01:02Z<p>Joseph Lipsick: </p>
<hr />
<div><applet load='5P21' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GTP' name='LEFT' /><br />
<br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GDP' name='RIGHT'/><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switches/4' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP with Switch Regions in Ribbon Display</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switches/7' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP with Switch Regions in Ribbon Display</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switch_i_spacefill/1' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP Switch I in Spacefill</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switch_i_spacefill/1' target='LEFT'>RAS-GDP Switch I in Spacefill</scene><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Milburn, et al. Science. 1990 Feb 23;247(4945):939-45.<br />
<br />
Wittinghofer and Pai. Trends Biochem Sci. 1991 Oct;16(10):382-7.</div>Joseph Lipsickhttps://proteopedia.org/index.php?title=User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS&diff=1028261User:Joseph Lipsick/RAS2009-12-20T00:57:48Z<p>Joseph Lipsick: Ras-GTP with space fill switch I in yellow</p>
<hr />
<div><applet load='5P21' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GTP' name='LEFT' /><br />
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<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GDP' name='RIGHT'/><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switches/4' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP with Switch Regions in Ribbon Display</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switches/7' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP with Switch Regions in Ribbon Display</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switch_i_spacefill/1' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP Switch I in Spacefill</scene><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Milburn, et al. Science. 1990 Feb 23;247(4945):939-45.<br />
<br />
Wittinghofer and Pai. Trends Biochem Sci. 1991 Oct;16(10):382-7.</div>Joseph Lipsickhttps://proteopedia.org/index.php?title=User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS&diff=1028260User:Joseph Lipsick/RAS2009-12-20T00:53:52Z<p>Joseph Lipsick: </p>
<hr />
<div><applet load='5P21' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GTP' name='LEFT' /><br />
<br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GDP' name='RIGHT'/><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switches/4' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP with Switch Regions in Ribbon Display</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switches/7' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP with Switch Regions in Ribbon Display</scene><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Milburn, et al. Science. 1990 Feb 23;247(4945):939-45.<br />
<br />
Wittinghofer and Pai. Trends Biochem Sci. 1991 Oct;16(10):382-7.</div>Joseph Lipsickhttps://proteopedia.org/index.php?title=User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS&diff=1028259User:Joseph Lipsick/RAS2009-12-20T00:52:58Z<p>Joseph Lipsick: </p>
<hr />
<div><applet load='5P21' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GTP' name='LEFT' /><br />
<br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GDP' name='RIGHT'/><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switches/4' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP with Switch Regions</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switches/7' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP with Switch Regions</scene><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Milburn, et al. Science. 1990 Feb 23;247(4945):939-45.<br />
<br />
Wittinghofer and Pai. Trends Biochem Sci. 1991 Oct;16(10):382-7.</div>Joseph Lipsickhttps://proteopedia.org/index.php?title=User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS&diff=1028258User:Joseph Lipsick/RAS2009-12-20T00:48:41Z<p>Joseph Lipsick: RAS-GTP, Switch I (yellow), Switch II (magenta)</p>
<hr />
<div><applet load='5P21' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GTP' name='LEFT' /><br />
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<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GDP' name='RIGHT'/><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switches/4' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP with Switch Regions</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switches/6' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP with Switch Regions</scene><br />
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<br />
<br />
Milburn, et al. Science. 1990 Feb 23;247(4945):939-45.<br />
Wittinghofer and Pai. Trends Biochem Sci. 1991 Oct;16(10):382-7.</div>Joseph Lipsickhttps://proteopedia.org/index.php?title=User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS&diff=1028257User:Joseph Lipsick/RAS2009-12-20T00:14:00Z<p>Joseph Lipsick: </p>
<hr />
<div><applet load='5P21' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='' name='LEFT' /><br />
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<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='' name='RIGHT'/><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switches/3' target='LEFT'>RAS-GTP with Switch Regions</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switches/6' target='RIGHT'>RAS-GDP with Switch Regions</scene><br />
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<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Milburn, et al. Science. 1990 Feb 23;247(4945):939-45.<br />
Wittinghofer and Pai. Trends Biochem Sci. 1991 Oct;16(10):382-7.</div>Joseph Lipsickhttps://proteopedia.org/index.php?title=Proteopedia:Page_of_the_Year_Entrants&diff=1028235Proteopedia:Page of the Year Entrants2009-12-19T18:38:16Z<p>Joseph Lipsick: /* Entrants */</p>
<hr />
<div>Please list your entry in [[Proteopedia:Page of the Year Competition| Proteopedia's Page of the Year Competition]] here. You can enter as many pages as you like.<br />
<br />
Add your entry to the list by adding a row in the format shown below, with a link to your user page followed by 2 hyphens and then a link to the page you're entering in the competition.<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
==Entrants==<br />
<br />
Entry number 1 is just an example, Eran cannot participate in the competition.<br />
<br />
# [[User:Eran Hodis]] -- [[User:Eran_Hodis/Acetylcholinesterase]]<br />
# [[User:Ramiro Barrantes]] -- [[1tdh]]<br />
# [[User:Sara Toftegaard Petersen]] [[User:Mathilde Thomsen]] [[User:Mette Trauelsen]] -- [[Nitric oxide synthase]]<br />
# [[User:Wayne Decatur]] -- [[Ribosome]] (see history for original article as of October 15, 2009)<br />
# [[User:Wayne Decatur]] -- [[User:Wayne Decatur/Plant Viral Protein p19 Suppression of RNA Silencing]]<br />
# [[User:Wayne Decatur]] -- [[User:Wayne Decatur/Suppression of RNA Silencing by Viruses]]<br />
# [[User:Wayne Decatur]] -- [[User:Wayne Decatur/Tomato aspermy virus protein 2b Suppression of RNA Silencing]]<br />
# [[User:Tzviya Zeev-Ben-Mordehai]] -- [[Intrinsically Disordered Protein]] (see history for original article as of October 19, 2009)<br />
# [[User:Tilman Schirmer]] -- [[C-di-GMP_signaling]] (Note that there are several sub-pages)<br />
# [[User:Joseph Lipsick]] -- [[SRC]]</div>Joseph Lipsickhttps://proteopedia.org/index.php?title=Proteopedia:Page_of_the_Year_Entrants&diff=1028234Proteopedia:Page of the Year Entrants2009-12-19T18:36:59Z<p>Joseph Lipsick: /* Entrants */</p>
<hr />
<div>Please list your entry in [[Proteopedia:Page of the Year Competition| Proteopedia's Page of the Year Competition]] here. You can enter as many pages as you like.<br />
<br />
Add your entry to the list by adding a row in the format shown below, with a link to your user page followed by 2 hyphens and then a link to the page you're entering in the competition.<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
==Entrants==<br />
<br />
Entry number 1 is just an example, Eran cannot participate in the competition.<br />
<br />
# [[User:Eran Hodis]] -- [[User:Eran_Hodis/Acetylcholinesterase]]<br />
# [[User:Ramiro Barrantes]] -- [[1tdh]]<br />
# [[User:Sara Toftegaard Petersen]] [[User:Mathilde Thomsen]] [[User:Mette Trauelsen]] -- [[Nitric oxide synthase]]<br />
# [[User:Wayne Decatur]] -- [[Ribosome]] (see history for original article as of October 15, 2009)<br />
# [[User:Wayne Decatur]] -- [[User:Wayne Decatur/Plant Viral Protein p19 Suppression of RNA Silencing]]<br />
# [[User:Wayne Decatur]] -- [[User:Wayne Decatur/Suppression of RNA Silencing by Viruses]]<br />
# [[User:Wayne Decatur]] -- [[User:Wayne Decatur/Tomato aspermy virus protein 2b Suppression of RNA Silencing]]<br />
# [[User:Tzviya Zeev-Ben-Mordehai]] -- [[Intrinsically Disordered Protein]] (see history for original article as of October 19, 2009)<br />
# [[User:Tilman Schirmer]] -- [[C-di-GMP_signaling]] (Note that there are several sub-pages)<br />
# [[User:Joseph Lipsick]] -- [[SRC Oncoprotein]]</div>Joseph Lipsickhttps://proteopedia.org/index.php?title=User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS&diff=1028192User:Joseph Lipsick/RAS2009-12-19T06:29:47Z<p>Joseph Lipsick: </p>
<hr />
<div><applet load='4Q21' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GDP' name='RAS-GDP' /><br />
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<applet load='5P21' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GTP' name='RAS-GTP'/><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switches/6' target='RAS-GDP'>RAS-GDP with Switch Regions</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switches/3' target='RAS-GTP'>RAS-GTP with Switch Regions</scene><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Milburn, et al. Science. 1990 Feb 23;247(4945):939-45.<br />
Wittinghofer and Pai. Trends Biochem Sci. 1991 Oct;16(10):382-7.</div>Joseph Lipsickhttps://proteopedia.org/index.php?title=User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS&diff=1028191User:Joseph Lipsick/RAS2009-12-19T06:05:55Z<p>Joseph Lipsick: </p>
<hr />
<div><applet load='4Q21' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GDP' name='RAS-GDP' /><br />
<br />
<applet load='5P21' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GTP' name='RAS-GTP'/><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switches/4' target='RAS-GDP'>RAS-GDP with Switch Regions</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switches/3' target='RAS-GTP'>RAS-GTP with Switch Regions</scene><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Milburn, et al. Science. 1990 Feb 23;247(4945):939-45.<br />
Wittinghofer and Pai. Trends Biochem Sci. 1991 Oct;16(10):382-7.</div>Joseph Lipsickhttps://proteopedia.org/index.php?title=User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS&diff=1028190User:Joseph Lipsick/RAS2009-12-19T06:00:55Z<p>Joseph Lipsick: </p>
<hr />
<div><applet load='4Q21' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GDP' name='RAS-GDP' /><br />
<br />
<applet load='5P21' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GTP' name='RAS-GTP'/><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switches/4' target='RAS-GDP'>RAS-GDP with Switch Regions</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switches/2' target='RAS-GTP'>RAS-GTP with Switch Regions</scene><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Milburn, et al. Science. 1990 Feb 23;247(4945):939-45.<br />
Wittinghofer and Pai. Trends Biochem Sci. 1991 Oct;16(10):382-7.</div>Joseph Lipsickhttps://proteopedia.org/index.php?title=User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS&diff=1028189User:Joseph Lipsick/RAS2009-12-19T05:53:53Z<p>Joseph Lipsick: </p>
<hr />
<div><applet load='4Q21' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GDP' name='RAS-GDP' /><br />
<br />
<applet load='5P21' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GTP' name='RAS-GTP'/><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switches/3' target='RAS-GDP'>RAS-GDP with Switch Regions</scene><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switches/1' target='RAS-GTP'>RAS-GTP with Switch Regions</scene><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Milburn, et al. Science. 1990 Feb 23;247(4945):939-45.<br />
Wittinghofer and Pai. Trends Biochem Sci. 1991 Oct;16(10):382-7.</div>Joseph Lipsickhttps://proteopedia.org/index.php?title=User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS&diff=1028169User:Joseph Lipsick/RAS2009-12-19T02:13:44Z<p>Joseph Lipsick: </p>
<hr />
<div><applet load='4Q21' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GDP' /><br />
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<applet load='5P21' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GppNHp' /><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switches/3'>RAS-GDP with Switch Regions</scene><br />
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<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switches/1'>RAS-GTP with Switch Regions</scene><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Milburn, et al. Science. 1990 Feb 23;247(4945):939-45.<br />
Wittinghofer and Pai. Trends Biochem Sci. 1991 Oct;16(10):382-7.</div>Joseph Lipsickhttps://proteopedia.org/index.php?title=User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS&diff=1028162User:Joseph Lipsick/RAS2009-12-19T02:04:16Z<p>Joseph Lipsick: </p>
<hr />
<div><applet load='4Q21' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GDP' /><br />
<applet load='5P21' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GppNHp' /><br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GCP' /><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switches/3'>RAS-GDP with Switch Regions</scene><br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switches/1'>RAS-GTP with Switch Regions</scene><br />
<br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp/1'>RAS-GTP</scene><br />
<br />
Milburn, et al. Science. 1990 Feb 23;247(4945):939-45.<br />
Wittinghofer and Pai. Trends Biochem Sci. 1991 Oct;16(10):382-7.</div>Joseph Lipsickhttps://proteopedia.org/index.php?title=User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS&diff=1028159User:Joseph Lipsick/RAS2009-12-19T01:57:01Z<p>Joseph Lipsick: </p>
<hr />
<div><applet load='4Q21' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GDP' /><br />
<applet load='5P21' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GppNHp' /><br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GCP' /><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switches/2'>RAS-GDP with Switch Regions</scene><br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp_switches/1'>RAS-GTP with Switch Regions</scene><br />
<br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp/1'>RAS-GTP</scene><br />
<br />
Milburn, et al. Science. 1990 Feb 23;247(4945):939-45.<br />
Wittinghofer and Pai. Trends Biochem Sci. 1991 Oct;16(10):382-7.</div>Joseph Lipsickhttps://proteopedia.org/index.php?title=User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS&diff=1028157User:Joseph Lipsick/RAS2009-12-19T01:52:04Z<p>Joseph Lipsick: </p>
<hr />
<div><applet load='4Q21' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GDP' /><br />
<applet load='5P21' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GppNHp' /><br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GCP' /><br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gdp_switches/2'>RAS-GFP with Switch Regions</scene><br />
<br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp/1'>RAS-GTP</scene><br />
<br />
Milburn, et al. Science. 1990 Feb 23;247(4945):939-45.<br />
Wittinghofer and Pai. Trends Biochem Sci. 1991 Oct;16(10):382-7.</div>Joseph Lipsickhttps://proteopedia.org/index.php?title=User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS&diff=1028153User:Joseph Lipsick/RAS2009-12-19T01:31:14Z<p>Joseph Lipsick: </p>
<hr />
<div><applet load='4Q21' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GDP' /><br />
<applet load='5P21' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GppNHp' /><br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GCP' /><br />
<br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp/1'>RAS-GTP</scene><br />
<br />
Milburn, et al. Science. 1990 Feb 23;247(4945):939-45.<br />
Wittinghofer and Pai. Trends Biochem Sci. 1991 Oct;16(10):382-7.</div>Joseph Lipsickhttps://proteopedia.org/index.php?title=User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS&diff=1028072User:Joseph Lipsick/RAS2009-12-18T01:16:09Z<p>Joseph Lipsick: </p>
<hr />
<div><applet load='4Q21' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GDP' /><br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GTP' /><br />
<br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp/1'>RAS-GTP</scene><br />
<br />
Milburn, et al. Science. 1990 Feb 23;247(4945):939-45.<br />
Wittinghofer and Pai. Trends Biochem Sci. 1991 Oct;16(10):382-7.</div>Joseph Lipsickhttps://proteopedia.org/index.php?title=User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS&diff=1028067User:Joseph Lipsick/RAS2009-12-18T00:52:35Z<p>Joseph Lipsick: </p>
<hr />
<div><applet load='4Q21' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GDP' /><br />
<applet load='' size='300' frame='true' align='left' caption='RAS-GTP' /><br />
<br />
<br />
<scene name='User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS/Ras-gtp/1'>RAS-GTP</scene></div>Joseph Lipsickhttps://proteopedia.org/index.php?title=User:Joseph_Lipsick&diff=1028063User:Joseph Lipsick2009-12-17T23:49:29Z<p>Joseph Lipsick: </p>
<hr />
<div>Joseph (Joe) Lipsick, Professor of Pathology and Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA</div>Joseph Lipsickhttps://proteopedia.org/index.php?title=User:Joseph_Lipsick/RAS&diff=1028062User:Joseph Lipsick/RAS2009-12-17T23:48:28Z<p>Joseph Lipsick: New page: test.</p>
<hr />
<div>test.</div>Joseph Lipsick