Proteopedia - User contributions [en]

Molecular Playground/Taxol

2011-12-07T17:44:25Z

Sarah Wilson:

[[Image:Paclitaxel.png|frame|Paclitaxel (Taxol, Bristol-Myers Squibb)]]
[[Image:Docetaxel.png|frame|Docetaxel (Taxotere, Sanofi-aventis)]]

Paclitaxel is one of the [[CBI Molecules]] being studied in the [http://www.umass.edu/cbi/ University of Massachusetts Amherst Chemistry-Biology Interface Program] at UMass Amherst and on display at the [http://www.molecularplayground.org/ Molecular Playground].

Paclitaxel, also called Taxol (Bristol-Myers Squibb), is a plant derived anti-cancer agent that was first isolated from the bark of Pacific yew tree, ''Taxus brevifolia'', in 1971. It is a complex diterpenoid with a bulky, fused ring system as well as a number of hydrophobic substituents. Approved by the FDA in 1992, it is currently being used in the treatment of ovarian, breast and lung cancers. In addition, therapies are being developed for treatment of Alzheimer's and post-heart surgery patients.

Originally, paclitaxel was produced through the extraction of the drug from the bark of ''Taxus'' trees. This process was unsustainable because nearly 40,000 mature trees were required to meet the demands for the drug each year. A semi-synthetic route was developed and utilized for paclitaxel production using Taxol precursors, which can be extracted from the needles of ''Taxus'' trees. This process is more sustainable because the ''Taxus'' needles can be harvested depending on their seasonal availability without the destruction of the tree, but the process uses harsh, expensive solvents and has a low product yield. In 2004, the production of paclitaxel through plant cell culture was approved by the FDA. This was the first plant cell culture production route approved for the production of a pharmaceutical. Currently, [http://www.bms.com/pages/default.aspx Bristol-Myers Squibb] is producing paclitaxel for pharmaceutical use solely through the sustainable plant cell culture process.

Docetaxel (Taxotere, sanofi-aventis) is a semi-synthetic analog of Taxol that was discovered during the search for a more easily produced taxane anti-cancer agent. The hydroxyl group modification on docetaxel leads to an increase in the lipid solubility of the drug. It was first approved by the FDA in 1996 and is currently used in the treatment of breast, stomach and prostate cancer. Currently, Taxotere is produced from paclitaxel precursors which are extracted from ''Taxus brevifolia'', the readily available Wester Yew.

Both Taxol and Taxotere bind to cell microtubules, promoting their assembly into bundles and preventing cell mitosis. This eventually leads to the death of the cells. Although the mechanism of action for both drugs is the same, Taxotere has been found to be twice as potent as Taxol.

<applet size='[450,338]' frame='true' align='left'
caption='Paclitaxel (also known as Taxol)' /> <scene name='Rohan_Patil/Sandbox1/Taxol/6'>Paclitaxel</scene>

Molecular Playground Banner: "Paclitaxel (Taxol),a plant-derived natural product to treat cancer"

<applet size='[450,338]' frame='true' align='right'
caption='Docetaxel(also known as Taxotere)' /> <scene name='Molecular_Playground/Taxol/Docetaxel/4'>Docetaxel</scene>

Molecular Playground Banner: "Docetaxel (Taxotere), an analaog of the plant derived anti-cancer agent paclitaxel"

Molecular Playground/Taxol

2011-12-07T17:40:25Z

Sarah Wilson:

[[Image:Paclitaxel.png|frame|Paclitaxel (Taxol, Bristol-Myers Squibb)]]
[[Image:Docetaxel.png|frame|Docetaxel (Taxotere, Sanofi-aventis)]]

Paclitaxel is one of the [[CBI Molecules]] being studied in the [http://www.umass.edu/cbi/ University of Massachusetts Amherst Chemistry-Biology Interface Program] at UMass Amherst and on display at the [http://www.molecularplayground.org/ Molecular Playground].

Paclitaxel, also called Taxol (Bristol-Myers Squibb), is a plant derived anti-cancer agent that was first isolated from the bark of Pacific yew tree, ''Taxus brevifolia'', in 1971. It is a complex diterpenoid with a bulky, fused ring system as well as a number of hydrophobic substituents. Approved by the FDA in 1992, it is currently being used in the treatment of ovarian, breast and lung cancers. In addition, therapies are being developed for treatment of Alzheimer's and post-heart surgery patients.

Originally, paclitaxel was produced through the extraction of the drug from the bark of ''Taxus'' trees. This process was unsustainable because nearly 40,000 trees were required to meet the demands for the drug each year. A semi-synthetic route was developed and utilized for paclitaxel production which used Taxol precursors which can be extracted from the needles of ''Taxus'' trees. This process was more sustainable because the ''Taxus'' needles could be harvested depending on their seasonal availability without the destruction of the tree, but the process uses harsh, expensive solvents and has a low product yield. In 2004, the production of paclitaxel through plant cell culture was approved by the FDA. This was the first plant cell culture production route approved for the production of a pharmaceutical. Currently, [http://www.bms.com/pages/default.aspx Bristol-Myers Squibb] is producing paclitaxel for pharmaceutical use solely through the sustainable plant cell culture process.

Docetaxel (Taxotere, sanofi-aventis) is a semi-synthetic analog of Taxol that was discovered during the search for a more easily produced taxane anti-cancer agent. The hydroxyl group modification on docetaxel leads to an increase in the lipid solubility of the drug. It was first approved by the FDA in 1996 and is currently used in the treatment of breast, stomach and prostate cancer. Currently, Taxotere is produced from paclitaxel precursors which are extracted from ''Taxus brevifolia'', the readily available Wester Yew.

Both Taxol and Taxotere bind to cell microtubules, promoting their assembly into bundles and preventing cell mitosis. This eventually leads to the death of the cells. Although the mechanism of action for both drugs is the same, Taxotere has been found to be twice as potent as Taxol.

<applet size='[450,338]' frame='true' align='left'
caption='Paclitaxel (also known as Taxol)' /> <scene name='Rohan_Patil/Sandbox1/Taxol/6'>Paclitaxel</scene>

Molecular Playground Banner: "Paclitaxel (Taxol),a plant-derived natural product to treat cancer"

<applet size='[450,338]' frame='true' align='right'
caption='Docetaxel(also known as Taxotere)' /> <scene name='Molecular_Playground/Taxol/Docetaxel/4'>Docetaxel</scene>

Molecular Playground Banner: "Docetaxel (Taxotere), an analaog of the plant derived anti-cancer agent paclitaxel"

Molecular Playground/Taxol

2011-12-07T17:38:10Z

Sarah Wilson:

[[Image:Paclitaxel.png|frame|Paclitaxel (Taxol, Bristol-Myers Squibb)]]
[[Image:Docetaxel.png|frame|Docetaxel (Taxotere, Sanofi-aventis)]]

Paclitaxel is one of the [[CBI Molecules]] being studied in the [http://www.umass.edu/cbi/ University of Massachusetts Amherst Chemistry-Biology Interface Program] at UMass Amherst and on display at the [http://www.molecularplayground.org/ Molecular Playground].

Paclitaxel, also called Taxol (Bristol-Myers Squibb), is a plant derived anti-cancer agent that was first isolated from the bark of Pacific yew tree, ''Taxus brevifolia'', in 1971. It is a complex diterpenoid with a bulky, fused ring system as well as a number of hydrophobic substituents. Approved by the FDA in 1992, it is currently being used in the treatment of ovarian, breast and lung cancers. In addition, therapies are being developed for treatment of Alzheimer's and post-heart surgery patients.

Originally, paclitaxel was produced through the extraction of the drug from the bark of ''Taxus'' trees. This process was unsustainable because nearly 40,000 trees were required to meet the demands for the drug each year. A semi-synthetic route was developed and utilized for paclitaxel production which used Taxol precursors which can be extracted from the needles of ''Taxus'' trees. This process was more sustainable because the ''Taxus'' needles could be harvested depending on their seasonal availability without the destruction of the tree, but the process uses harsh, expensive solvents and has a low product yield. In 2004, the production of paclitaxel through plant cell culture was approved by the FDA. This was the first plant cell culture production route approved for the production of a pharmaceutical. Currently, [http://www.bms.com/pages/default.aspx Bristol-Myers Squibb] is producing paclitaxel for pharmaceutical use solely through the sustainable plant cell culture process.

Docetaxel (Taxotere, sanofi-aventis) is a semi-synthetic analog of Taxol that was discovered during the search for a more easily produced taxane anti-cancer agent. The hydroxyl group modification on docetaxel leads to an increase in the lipid solubility of the drug. It was first approved by the FDA in 1996 and is currently used in the treatment of breast, stomach and prostate cancer. Currently, Taxotere is produced from paclitaxel precursors which are extracted from ''Taxus brevifolia'', the readily available Wester Yew.

Both Taxol and Taxotere bind to cell microtubules, promoting their assembly into bundles and preventing cell mitosis. This eventually leads to the death of the cells. Although the mechanism of action for both drugs is the same, Taxotere has been found to be twice as potent as Taxol.

<applet size='[450,338]' frame='true' align='left'
caption='Paclitaxel (also known as Taxol)' /> <scene name='Rohan_Patil/Sandbox1/Taxol/6'>Paclitaxel</scene>

Molecular Playground Banner: "Paclitaxel (Taxol),a plant-derived natural product to treat cancer"

<applet size='[450,338]' frame='true' align='right'
caption='Docetaxel(also known as Taxotere)' /> <scene name='Molecular_Playground/Taxol/Docetaxel/4'>Docetaxel</scene>

Molecular Playground/Taxol

2011-12-07T17:34:42Z

Sarah Wilson:

[[Image:Paclitaxel.png|frame|Paclitaxel (Taxol)]]
[[Image:Docetaxel.png|frame|Docetaxel (Taxotere)]]

Paclitaxel is one of the [[CBI Molecules]] being studied in the [http://www.umass.edu/cbi/ University of Massachusetts Amherst Chemistry-Biology Interface Program] at UMass Amherst and on display at the [http://www.molecularplayground.org/ Molecular Playground].

Paclitaxel, also called Taxol (Bristol-Myers Squibb), is a plant derived anti-cancer agent that was first isolated from the bark of Pacific yew tree, ''Taxus brevifolia'', in 1971. It is a complex diterpenoid with a bulky, fused ring system as well as a number of hydrophobic substituents. Approved by the FDA in 1992, it is currently being used in the treatment of ovarian, breast and lung cancers. In addition, therapies are being developed for treatment of Alzheimer's and post-heart surgery patients.

Originally, paclitaxel was produced through the extraction of the drug from the bark of ''Taxus'' trees. This process was unsustainable because nearly 40,000 trees were required to meet the demands for the drug each year. A semi-synthetic route was developed and utilized for paclitaxel production which used Taxol precursors which can be extracted from the needles of ''Taxus'' trees. This process was more sustainable because the ''Taxus'' needles could be harvested depending on their seasonal availability without the destruction of the tree, but the process uses harsh, expensive solvents and has a low product yield. In 2004, the production of paclitaxel through plant cell culture was approved by the FDA. This was the first plant cell culture production route approved for the production of a pharmaceutical. Currently, [http://www.bms.com/pages/default.aspx Bristol-Myers Squibb] is producing paclitaxel for pharmaceutical use solely through the sustainable plant cell culture process.

Docetaxel (Taxotere, sanofi-aventis) is a semi-synthetic analog of Taxol that was discovered during the search for a more easily produced taxane anti-cancer agent. The hydroxyl group modification on docetaxel leads to an increase in the lipid solubility of the drug. It was first approved by the FDA in 1996 and is currently used in the treatment of breast, stomach and prostate cancer. Currently, Taxotere is produced from paclitaxel precursors which are extracted from ''Taxus brevifolia'', the readily available Wester Yew.

Both Taxol and Taxotere bind to cell microtubules, promoting their assembly into bundles and preventing cell mitosis. This eventually leads to the death of the cells. Although the mechanism of action for both drugs is the same, Taxotere has been found to be twice as potent as Taxol.

<applet size='[450,338]' frame='true' align='left'
caption='Paclitaxel (also known as Taxol)' /> <scene name='Rohan_Patil/Sandbox1/Taxol/6'>Paclitaxel</scene>

Molecular Playground Banner: "Paclitaxel (Taxol),a plant-derived natural product to treat cancer"

<applet size='[450,338]' frame='true' align='right'
caption='Docetaxel(also known as Taxotere)' /> <scene name='Molecular_Playground/Taxol/Docetaxel/4'>Docetaxel</scene>

Molecular Playground/Taxol

2010-12-10T21:58:28Z

Sarah Wilson:

[[Image:Paclitaxel.png|frame|Paclitaxel (Taxol)]]
[[Image:Docetaxel.png|frame|Docetaxel (Taxotere)]]

One of the [[CBI Molecules]] being studied in the [http://www.umass.edu/cbi/ University of Massachusetts Amherst Chemistry-Biology Interface Program] at UMass Amherst and on display at the [http://www.molecularplayground.org/ Molecular Playground].

Paclitaxel, also called Taxol (Bristol-Myers Squibb), is a plant derived anti-cancer agent that was first isolated from the bark of Pacific yew tree, ''Taxus brevifolia'', in 1971. It is a complex diterpenoid with a bulky, fused ring system as well as a number of hydrophobic substituents. Approved by the FDA in 1992, it is currently being used in the treatment of ovarian, breast and lung cancers. In addition, therapies are being developed for treatment of Alzheimer's and post-heart surgery patients.

Originally, paclitaxel was produced through the extraction of the drug from the bark of ''Taxus'' trees. This process was unsustainable because nearly 40,000 trees were required to meet the demands for the drug each year. A semi-synthetic route was developed and utilized for paclitaxel production which used Taxol precursors which can be extracted from the needles of ''Taxus'' trees. This process was more sustainable because the ''Taxus'' needles could be harvested depending on their seasonal availability without the destruction of the tree. Currently, paclitaxel is being produced through plant cell culture. This was the first plant cell culture production route approved by the FDA for the production of a pharmaceutical.

Docetaxel (Taxotere, sanofi-aventis) is a semi-synthetic analog of Taxol that was discovered during the search for a more easily produced taxane anti-cancer agent. The hydroxyl group modification on docetaxel leads to an increase in the lipid solubility of the drug. It was first approved by the FDA in 1996 and is currently used in the treatment of breast, stomach and prostate cancer. Currently, Taxotere is produced from paclitaxel precursors which are extracted from ''Taxus brevifolia'', the readily available Wester Yew.

Both Taxol and Taxotere bind to cell microtubules, promoting their assembly into bundles and preventing cell mitosis. This eventually leads to the death of the cells. Although the mechanism of action for both drugs is the same, Taxotere has been found to be twice as potent as Taxol.

<applet size='[450,338]' frame='true' align='left'
caption='Paclitaxel (also known as Taxol)' /> <scene name='Rohan_Patil/Sandbox1/Taxol/6'>Paclitaxel</scene>

Molecular Playground Banner: "Paclitaxel (Taxol),a plant-derived natural product to treat cancer"

<applet size='[450,338]' frame='true' align='right'
caption='Docetaxel(also known as Taxotere)' /> <scene name='Molecular_Playground/Taxol/Docetaxel/4'>Docetaxel</scene>

Molecular Playground/Taxol

2010-12-10T20:30:55Z

Sarah Wilson:

[[Image:Paclitaxel.png|frame|Paclitaxel (Taxol)]]
[[Image:Docetaxel.png|frame|Docetaxel (Taxotere)]]

One of the [[CBI Molecules]] being studied in the [http://www.umass.edu/cbi/ University of Massachusetts Amherst Chemistry-Biology Interface Program] at UMass Amherst and on display at the [http://www.molecularplayground.org/ Molecular Playground].

Paclitaxel, also called Taxol (Bristol-Myers Squibb), is a plant derived anti-cancer agent that was first isolated from the bark of Pacific yew tree, ''Taxus brevifolia'', in 1971. It is a complex diterpenoid with a bulky, fused ring system as well as a number of hydrophobic substituents. Approved by the FDA in 1992, it is currently being used in the treatment of ovarian, breast and lung cancers. In addition, therapies are being developed for treatment of Alzheimer's and post-heart surgery patients.

Originally, paclitaxel was produced through the extraction of the drug from the bark of ''Taxus'' trees. This process was unsustainable because nearly 40,000 trees were required to meet the demands for the drug each year. A semi-synthetic route was developed and utilized for paclitaxel production which utilized Taxol precursors which can be extracted from the needles of ''Taxus'' trees. This process was more sustainable because the ''Taxus'' needles could be harvested depending on their seasonal availability. Currently, paclitaxel is being produced through plant cell culture. This was the first plant cell culture production route approved by the FDA for the production of a pharmaceutical.

Docetaxel (Taxotere, sanofi-aventis) is a semi-synthetic analog of Taxol that was discovered during the search for a more easily produced taxane anti-cancer agent. The hydroxyl group modification on docetaxel leads to an increase in the lipid solubility of the drug. It was first approved by the FDA in 1996 and is currently used in the treatment of breast, stomach and prostate cancer. Currently, Taxotere is produced from paclitaxel precursors which are extracted from ''Taxus brevifolia'', the readily available Wester Yew.

Both Taxol and Taxotere bind to cell microtubules, promoting their assembly into bundles and preventing cell mitosis. This eventually leads to the death of the cells. Although the mechanism of action for both drugs is the same, Taxotere has been found to be twice as potent as Taxol.

<applet size='[450,338]' frame='true' align='left'
caption='Paclitaxel (also known as Taxol)' /> <scene name='Rohan_Patil/Sandbox1/Taxol/6'>Paclitaxel</scene>

Molecular Playground Banner: "Paclitaxel (Taxol),a plant-derived natural product to treat cancer"

<applet size='[450,338]' frame='true' align='right'
caption='Docetaxel(also known as Taxotere)' /> <scene name='Molecular_Playground/Taxol/Docetaxel/4'>Docetaxel</scene>

Molecular Playground/Taxol

2010-12-10T20:30:27Z

Sarah Wilson:

[[Image:Paclitaxel.png|frame|Paclitaxel (Taxol)]]
[[Image:Docetaxel.png|frame|Docetaxel (Taxotere)]]

One of the [[CBI Molecules]] being studied in the [http://www.umass.edu/cbi/ University of Massachusetts Amherst Chemistry-Biology Interface Program] at UMass Amherst and on display at the [http://www.molecularplayground.org/ Molecular Playground].

Paclitaxel, also called Taxol (Bristol-Myers Squibb), is a plant derived anti-cancer agent that was first isolated from the bark of Pacific yew tree, ''Taxus brevifolia'', in 1971. It is a complex diterpenoid with a bulky, fused ring system as well as a number of hydrophobic substituents. Approved by the FDA in 1992, it is currently being used in the treatment of ovarian, breast and lung cancers. In addition, therapies are being developed for treatment of Alzheimer's and post-heart surgery patients.

Originally, paclitaxel was produced through the extraction of the drug from the bark of ''Taxus'' trees. This process was unsustainable because nearly 40,000 trees were required to meet the demands for the drug each year. A semi-synthetic route was developed and utilized for paclitaxel production which utilized Taxol precursors which can be extracted from the needles of ''Taxus'' trees. This process was more sustainable because the ''Taxus'' needles could be harvested depending on their seasonal availability. Currently, paclitaxel is being produced through plant cell culture. This was the first plant cell culture production route approved by the FDA for the production of a pharmaceutical.

Docetaxel (Taxotere, sanofi-aventis) is a semi-synthetic analog of Taxol that was discovered during the search for a more easily produced taxane anti-cancer agent. The hydroxyl group modification on docetaxel leads to an increase in the lipid solubility of the drug. It was first approved by the FDA in 1996 and is currently used in the treatment of breast, stomach and prostate cancer. Currently, Taxotere is produced from paclitaxel precursors which are extracted from ''Taxus brevifolia'', the readily available Wester Yew.

Both Taxol and Taxotere bind to cell microtubules, promoting their assembly into bundles and preventing cell mitosis. This eventually leads to the death of the cells. Although the mechanism of action for both drugs is the same, Taxotere has been found to be twice as potent as Taxol.

<applet size='[450,338]' frame='true' align='right'
caption='Paclitaxel (also known as Taxol)' /> <scene name='Rohan_Patil/Sandbox1/Taxol/6'>Paclitaxel</scene>

Molecular Playground Banner: "Paclitaxel (Taxol),a plant-derived natural product to treat cancer"

<applet size='[450,338]' frame='true' align='right'
caption='Docetaxel(also known as Taxotere)' /> <scene name='Molecular_Playground/Taxol/Docetaxel/4'>Docetaxel</scene>

Molecular Playground/Taxol

2010-12-10T20:27:33Z

Sarah Wilson:

[[Image:Paclitaxel.png|frame|Paclitaxel (Taxol)]]
[[Image:Docetaxel.png|frame|Docetaxel (Taxotere)]]

One of the [[CBI Molecules]] being studied in the [http://www.umass.edu/cbi/ University of Massachusetts Amherst Chemistry-Biology Interface Program] at UMass Amherst and on display at the [http://www.molecularplayground.org/ Molecular Playground].

Paclitaxel, also called Taxol (Bristol-Myers Squibb), is a plant derived anti-cancer agent that was first isolated from the bark of Pacific yew tree, ''Taxus brevifolia'', in 1971. It is a complex diterpenoid with a bulky, fused ring system as well as a number of hydrophobic substituents. Approved by the FDA in 1992, it is currently being used in the treatment of ovarian, breast and lung cancers. In addition, therapies are being developed for treatment of Alzheimer's and post-heart surgery patients.

Originally, paclitaxel was produced through the extraction of the drug from the bark of ''Taxus'' trees. This process was unsustainable because nearly 40,000 trees were required to meet the demands for the drug each year. A semi-synthetic route was developed and utilized for paclitaxel production which utilized Taxol precursors which can be extracted from the needles of ''Taxus'' trees. This process was more sustainable because the ''Taxus'' needles could be harvested depending on their seasonal availability. Currently, paclitaxel is being produced through plant cell culture. This was the first plant cell culture production route approved by the FDA for the production of a pharmaceutical.

Docetaxel (Taxotere, sanofi-aventis) is a semi-synthetic analog of Taxol that was discovered during the search for a more easily produced taxane anti-cancer agent. The hydroxyl group modification on docetaxel leads to an increase in the lipid solubility of the drug. It was first approved by the FDA in 1996 and is currently used in the treatment of breast, stomach and prostate cancer. Currently, Taxotere is produced from paclitaxel precursors which are extracted from ''Taxus brevifolia'', the readily available Wester Yew.

Both Taxol and Taxotere bind to cell microtubules, promoting their assembly into bundles and preventing cell mitosis. This eventually leads to the death of the cells.

<applet size='[450,338]' frame='true' align='right'
caption='Paclitaxel (also known as Taxol)' /> <scene name='Rohan_Patil/Sandbox1/Taxol/6'>Paclitaxel</scene>

Molecular Playground Banner: "Paclitaxel (Taxol),a plant-derived natural product to treat cancer"

<applet size='[450,338]' frame='true' align='right'
caption='Docetaxel(also known as Taxotere)' /> <scene name='Molecular_Playground/Taxol/Docetaxel/4'>Docetaxel</scene>

File:Paclitaxel.png

2010-12-10T20:22:50Z

Sarah Wilson: uploaded a new version of "Image:Paclitaxel.png": Reverted to version as of 19:21, 10 December 2010

File:Paclitaxel.png

2010-12-10T20:22:18Z

Sarah Wilson: uploaded a new version of "Image:Paclitaxel.png"

Molecular Playground/Taxol

2010-12-10T20:21:09Z

Sarah Wilson:

[[Image:Paclitaxel.png|frame|Paclitaxel (Taxol)]]
[[Image:Docetaxel.png|frame|Docetaxel (Taxotere)]]

One of the [[CBI Molecules]] being studied in the [http://www.umass.edu/cbi/ University of Massachusetts Amherst Chemistry-Biology Interface Program] at UMass Amherst and on display at the [http://www.molecularplayground.org/ Molecular Playground].

Paclitaxel, also called Taxol (Bristol-Myers Squibb), is a plant derived anti-cancer agent that was first isolated from the bark of Pacific yew tree, ''Taxus brevifolia'', in 1971. It is a complex diterpenoid with a bulky, fused ring system as well as a number of hydrophobic substituents. It is currently being used in the treatment of ovarian, breast and lung cancers, and additional therapies are being developed for treatment of Alzheimer's and post-heart surgery patients. Taxol causes cell death by promoting the assembly of microtubules, preventing cell mitosis.

Originally, paclitaxel was produced through the extraction of the drug from the bark of ''Taxus'' trees. This process was unsustainable because nearly 40,000 trees were required to meet the demands for the drug each year. A semi-synthetic route was developed and utilized for paclitaxel production which utilized Taxol precursors which can be extracted from the needles of ''Taxus'' trees. This process was more sustainable because the ''Taxus'' needles could be harvested depending on their seasonal availability. Currently, paclitaxel is being produced through plant cell culture. This was the first plant cell culture production route approved by the FDA for the production of a pharmaceutical.

Docetaxel (Taxotere, sanofi-aventis) is a semi-synthetic analog of Taxol that was discovered during the search for a more easily produced taxane anti-cancer agent. The hydroxyl group modification on docetaxel leads to an increase in the lipid solubility of the drug. It was first approved by the FDA in 1996 and is currently used in the treatment of breast, stomach and prostate cancer. Currently, Taxotere is produced from paclitaxel precursors which are extracted from ''Taxus brevifolia'', the readily available Wester Yew.

<applet size='[450,338]' frame='true' align='right'
caption='Paclitaxel (also known as Taxol)' /> <scene name='Rohan_Patil/Sandbox1/Taxol/6'>Paclitaxel</scene>

Molecular Playground Banner: "Paclitaxel (Taxol),a plant-derived natural product to treat cancer"

<applet size='[450,338]' frame='true' align='right'
caption='Docetaxel(also known as Taxotere)' /> <scene name='Molecular_Playground/Taxol/Docetaxel/4'>Docetaxel</scene>

Molecular Playground/Taxol

2010-12-10T20:16:23Z

Sarah Wilson:

[[Image:Paclitaxel.png|frame|Paclitaxel (Taxol)]]
[[Image:Docetaxel.png|frame|Docetaxel (Taxotere)]]

One of the [[CBI Molecules]] being studied in the [http://www.umass.edu/cbi/ University of Massachusetts Amherst Chemistry-Biology Interface Program] at UMass Amherst and on display at the [http://www.molecularplayground.org/ Molecular Playground].

Paclitaxel, also called Taxol (Bristol-Myers Squibb), is a plant derived anti-cancer agent that was first isolated from the bark of Pacific yew tree, ''Taxus brevifolia'', in 1971. It is a complex diterpenoid with a bulky, fused ring system as well as a number of hydrophobic substituents. It is currently being used in the treatment of ovarian, breast and lung cancers, and additional therapies are being developed for treatment of Alzheimer's and post-heart surgery patients. Taxol causes cell death by promoting the assembly of microtubules, preventing cell mitosis.

Originally, paclitaxel was produced through the extraction of the drug from the bark of ''Taxus'' trees. This process was unsustainable because nearly 40,000 trees were required to meet the demands for the drug each year. A semi-synthetic route was developed and utilized for paclitaxel production which utilized Taxol precursors which can be extracted from the needles of ''Taxus'' trees. This process was more sustainable because the ''Taxus'' needles could be harvested depending on their seasonal availability. Currently, paclitaxel is being produced through plant cell culture. This was the first plant cell culture production route approved by the FDA for the production of a pharmaceutical.

Docetaxel (Taxotere, sanofi-aventis) is a semi-synthetic analog of Taxol that was discovered during the search for a more easily produced taxane anti-cancer agent. The hydroxyl group modification on docetaxel leads to an increase in the lipid solubility of the drug. It was first approved by the FDA in 1996 and is currently used in the treatment of breast, stomach and prostate cancer.

<applet size='[450,338]' frame='true' align='right'
caption='Paclitaxel (also known as Taxol)' /> <scene name='Rohan_Patil/Sandbox1/Taxol/6'>Paclitaxel</scene>

<applet size='[450,338]' frame='true' align='right'
caption='Docetaxel(also known as Taxotere)' /> <scene name='Molecular_Playground/Taxol/Docetaxel/4'>Docetaxel</scene>

Molecular Playground Banner: "Paclitaxel (Taxol),a plant-derived natural product to treat cancer"

Molecular Playground/Taxol

2010-12-10T20:15:51Z

Sarah Wilson:

[[Image:Paclitaxel.png|frame|Paclitaxel (Taxol)]]
[[Image:Docetaxel.png|frame|Docetaxel (Taxotere)]]

One of the [[CBI Molecules]] being studied in the [http://www.umass.edu/cbi/ University of Massachusetts Amherst Chemistry-Biology Interface Program] at UMass Amherst and on display at the [http://www.molecularplayground.org/ Molecular Playground].

Paclitaxel, also called Taxol (Bristol-Myers Squibb), is a plant derived anti-cancer agent that was first isolated from the bark of Pacific yew tree, ''Taxus brevifolia'', in 1971. It is a complex diterpenoid with a bulky, fused ring system as well as a number of hydrophobic substituents. It is currently being used in the treatment of ovarian, breast and lung cancers, and additional therapies are being developed for treatment of Alzheimer's and post-heart surgery patients. Taxol causes cell death by promoting the assembly of microtubules, preventing cell mitosis.

Originally, paclitaxel was produced through the extraction of the drug from the bark of ''Taxus'' trees. This process was unsustainable because nearly 40,000 trees were required to meet the demands for the drug each year. A semi-synthetic route was developed and utilized for paclitaxel production which utilized Taxol precursors which can be extracted from the needles of ''Taxus'' trees. This process was more sustainable because the ''Taxus'' needles could be harvested depending on their seasonal availability. Currently, paclitaxel is being produced through plant cell culture. This was the first plant cell culture production route approved by the FDA for the production of a pharmaceutical.

Docetaxel (Taxotere, sanofi-aventis) is a semi-synthetic analog of Taxol that was discovered during the search for a more easily produced taxane anti-cancer agent. The hydroxyl group modification on docetaxel leads to an increase in the lipid solubility of the drug. It was first approved by the FDA in 1996 and is currently used in the treatment of breast, stomach and prostate cancer.

<applet size='[450,338]' frame='true' align='left'
caption='Paclitaxel (also known as Taxol)' /> <scene name='Rohan_Patil/Sandbox1/Taxol/6'>Paclitaxel</scene>
<applet size='[450,338]' frame='true' align='right'
caption='Docetaxel(also known as Taxotere)' /> <scene name='Molecular_Playground/Taxol/Docetaxel/4'>Docetaxel</scene>

Molecular Playground Banner: "Paclitaxel (Taxol),a plant-derived natural product to treat cancer"

Molecular Playground/Taxol

2010-12-10T20:15:04Z

Sarah Wilson:

[[Image:Paclitaxel.png|frame|Paclitaxel (Taxol)]]
[[Image:Docetaxel.png|frame|Docetaxel (Taxotere)]]

One of the [[CBI Molecules]] being studied in the [http://www.umass.edu/cbi/ University of Massachusetts Amherst Chemistry-Biology Interface Program] at UMass Amherst and on display at the [http://www.molecularplayground.org/ Molecular Playground].

Paclitaxel, also called Taxol (Bristol-Myers Squibb), is a plant derived anti-cancer agent that was first isolated from the bark of Pacific yew tree, ''Taxus brevifolia'', in 1971. It is a complex diterpenoid with a bulky, fused ring system as well as a number of hydrophobic substituents. It is currently being used in the treatment of ovarian, breast and lung cancers, and additional therapies are being developed for treatment of Alzheimer's and post-heart surgery patients. Taxol causes cell death by promoting the assembly of microtubules, preventing cell mitosis.

Originally, paclitaxel was produced through the extraction of the drug from the bark of ''Taxus'' trees. This process was unsustainable because nearly 40,000 trees were required to meet the demands for the drug each year. A semi-synthetic route was developed and utilized for paclitaxel production which utilized Taxol precursors which can be extracted from the needles of ''Taxus'' trees. This process was more sustainable because the ''Taxus'' needles could be harvested depending on their seasonal availability. Currently, paclitaxel is being produced through plant cell culture. This was the first plant cell culture production route approved by the FDA for the production of a pharmaceutical.

Docetaxel (Taxotere, sanofi-aventis) is a semi-synthetic analog of Taxol that was discovered during the search for a more easily produced taxane anti-cancer agent. The hydroxyl group modification on docetaxel leads to an increase in the lipid solubility of the drug. It was first approved by the FDA in 1996 and is currently used in the treatment of breast, stomach and prostate cancer.

<applet size='[450,338]' frame='true' align='left'
caption='Paclitaxel (also known as Taxol)' /> <scene name='Rohan_Patil/Sandbox1/Taxol/6'>Paclitaxel</scene>
<applet size='[450,338]' frame='true' align='right'
caption='Docetaxel(also known as Taxotere)' /> <scene name='Molecular_Playground/Taxol/Docetaxel/4'>Docetaxel</scene>

Molecular Playground Banner: "Paclitaxel (Taxol),a plant-derived natural product to treat cancer"

<applet size='[450,338]' frame='true' align='right'
caption='Docetaxel(also known as Taxotere)' /> <scene name='Molecular_Playground/Taxol/Docetaxel/4'>Docetaxel</scene>

Molecular Playground/Taxol

2010-12-10T20:14:22Z

Sarah Wilson:

[[Image:Paclitaxel.png|frame|Paclitaxel (Taxol)]]
[[Image:Docetaxel.png|frame|Docetaxel (Taxotere)]]

One of the [[CBI Molecules]] being studied in the [http://www.umass.edu/cbi/ University of Massachusetts Amherst Chemistry-Biology Interface Program] at UMass Amherst and on display at the [http://www.molecularplayground.org/ Molecular Playground].

Paclitaxel, also called Taxol (Bristol-Myers Squibb), is a plant derived anti-cancer agent that was first isolated from the bark of Pacific yew tree, ''Taxus brevifolia'', in 1971. It is a complex diterpenoid with a bulky, fused ring system as well as a number of hydrophobic substituents. It is currently being used in the treatment of ovarian, breast and lung cancers, and additional therapies are being developed for treatment of Alzheimer's and post-heart surgery patients. Taxol causes cell death by promoting the assembly of microtubules, preventing cell mitosis.

Originally, paclitaxel was produced through the extraction of the drug from the bark of ''Taxus'' trees. This process was unsustainable because nearly 40,000 trees were required to meet the demands for the drug each year. A semi-synthetic route was developed and utilized for paclitaxel production which utilized Taxol precursors which can be extracted from the needles of ''Taxus'' trees. This process was more sustainable because the ''Taxus'' needles could be harvested depending on their seasonal availability. Currently, paclitaxel is being produced through plant cell culture. This was the first plant cell culture production route approved by the FDA for the production of a pharmaceutical.

Docetaxel (Taxotere, sanofi-aventis) is a semi-synthetic analog of Taxol that was discovered during the search for a more easily produced taxane anti-cancer agent. The hydroxyl group modification on docetaxel leads to an increase in the lipid solubility of the drug. It was first approved by the FDA in 1996 and is currently used in the treatment of breast, stomach and prostate cancer.

<applet size='[450,338]' frame='true' align='left'
caption='Paclitaxel (also known as Taxol)' /> <scene name='Rohan_Patil/Sandbox1/Taxol/6'>Paclitaxel</scene>

Molecular Playground Banner: "Paclitaxel (Taxol),a plant-derived natural product to treat cancer"

<applet size='[450,338]' frame='true' align='right'
caption='Docetaxel(also known as Taxotere)' /> <scene name='Molecular_Playground/Taxol/Docetaxel/4'>Docetaxel</scene>

Molecular Playground/Taxol

2010-12-10T20:13:40Z

Sarah Wilson:

[[Image:Paclitaxel.png|frame|Paclitaxel (Taxol)]]
[[Image:Docetaxel.png|frame|Docetaxel (Taxotere)]]

One of the [[CBI Molecules]] being studied in the [http://www.umass.edu/cbi/ University of Massachusetts Amherst Chemistry-Biology Interface Program] at UMass Amherst and on display at the [http://www.molecularplayground.org/ Molecular Playground].

Paclitaxel, also called Taxol (Bristol-Myers Squibb), is a plant derived anti-cancer agent that was first isolated from the bark of Pacific yew tree, ''Taxus brevifolia'', in 1971. It is a complex diterpenoid with a bulky, fused ring system as well as a number of hydrophobic substituents. It is currently being used in the treatment of ovarian, breast and lung cancers, and additional therapies are being developed for treatment of Alzheimer's and post-heart surgery patients. Taxol causes cell death by promoting the assembly of microtubules, preventing cell mitosis.

Originally, paclitaxel was produced through the extraction of the drug from the bark of ''Taxus'' trees. This process was unsustainable because nearly 40,000 trees were required to meet the demands for the drug each year. A semi-synthetic route was developed and utilized for paclitaxel production which utilized Taxol precursors which can be extracted from the needles of ''Taxus'' trees. This process was more sustainable because the ''Taxus'' needles could be harvested depending on their seasonal availability. Currently, paclitaxel is being produced through plant cell culture. This was the first plant cell culture production route approved by the FDA for the production of a pharmaceutical.

Docetaxel (Taxotere, sanofi-aventis) is a semi-synthetic analog of Taxol that was discovered during the search for a more easily produced taxane anti-cancer agent. The hydroxyl group modification on docetaxel leads to an increase in the lipid solubility of the drug. It was first approved by the FDA in 1996 and is currently used in the treatment of breast, stomach and prostate cancer.

<applet size='[450,338]' frame='true' align='right'
caption='Paclitaxel (also known as Taxol)' /> <scene name='Rohan_Patil/Sandbox1/Taxol/6'>Paclitaxel</scene>

Molecular Playground Banner: "Paclitaxel (Taxol),a plant-derived natural product to treat cancer"

<applet size='[450,338]' frame='true' align='right'
caption='Docetaxel(also known as Taxotere)' /> <scene name='Molecular_Playground/Taxol/Docetaxel/4'>Docetaxel</scene>

Molecular Playground/Taxol

2010-12-10T20:00:30Z

Sarah Wilson:

[[Image:Paclitaxel.png|frame|Paclitaxel (Taxol)]]
[[Image:Docetaxel.png|frame|Docetaxel (Taxotere)]]

One of the [[CBI Molecules]] being studied in the [http://www.umass.edu/cbi/ University of Massachusetts Amherst Chemistry-Biology Interface Program] at UMass Amherst and on display at the [http://www.molecularplayground.org/ Molecular Playground].

Paclitaxel, also called Taxol (Bristol-Myers Squibb), is a plant derived anti-cancer agent that was first isolated from the bark of Pacific yew tree, ''Taxus brevifolia'', in 1971. It is a complex diterpenoid with a bulky, fused ring system as well as a number of hydrophobic substituents. It is currently being used in the treatment of ovarian, breast and lung cancers, and additional therapies are being developed for treatment of Alzheimer's and post-heart surgery patients. Taxol causes cell death by promoting the assembly of microtubules, preventing cell mitosis.

Originally, paclitaxel was produced through the extraction of the drug from the bark of ''Taxus'' trees. This process was unsustainable because nearly 40,000 trees were required to meet the demands for the drug each year. A semi-synthetic route was developed and utilized for paclitaxel production which utilized Taxol precursors which can be extracted from the needles of ''Taxus'' trees. This process was more sustainable because the ''Taxus'' needles could be harvested depending on their seasonal availability. Currently, paclitaxel is being produced through plant cell culture. This was the first plant cell culture production route approved by the FDA for the production of a pharmaceutical.

Docetaxel (Taxotere, sanofi-aventis) is a semi-synthetic analog of Taxol that was discovered during the search for a more easily produced taxane anti-cancer agent. There are two differences between the chemical structure of paclitaxel and docetaxel. The hydroxyl group modification on docetaxel leads to an increase in the lipid solubility of the drug. It is currently used in the treatment of breast, stomach and prostate cancer.

<applet size='[450,338]' frame='true' align='right'
caption='Paclitaxel (also known as Taxol)' /> <scene name='Rohan_Patil/Sandbox1/Taxol/6'>Paclitaxel</scene>

Molecular Playground Banner: "Paclitaxel (Taxol),a plant-derived natural product to treat cancer"

<applet size='[450,338]' frame='true' align='right'
caption='Docetaxel(also known as Taxotere)' /> <scene name='Molecular_Playground/Taxol/Docetaxel/4'>Docetaxel</scene>

Molecular Playground/Taxol

2010-12-10T19:48:10Z

Sarah Wilson:

[[Image:Paclitaxel.png|frame|Paclitaxel (Taxol)]]
[[Image:Docetaxel.png|frame|Docetaxel (Taxotere)]]

One of the [[CBI Molecules]] being studied in the [http://www.umass.edu/cbi/ University of Massachusetts Amherst Chemistry-Biology Interface Program] at UMass Amherst and on display at the [http://www.molecularplayground.org/ Molecular Playground].

Paclitaxel, also called Taxol (Bristol-Myers Squibb), is a plant derived anticancer drug that was first isolated from the bark of Pacific yew tree, ''Taxus brevifolia'', in 1971. It is a complex diterpenoid with a bulky, fused ring system as well as a number of hydrophobic substituents. It is currently being used in the treatment of ovarian, breast and lung cancers, and additional therapies are being developed for treatment of Alzheimer's and post-heart surgery patients. Taxol causes cell death by promoting the assembly of microtubules, preventing cell mitosis.

Originally, paclitaxel was produced through the extraction of the drug from the bark of ''Taxus'' trees. This process was unsustainable because nearly 40,000 trees were required to meet the demands for the drug each year. A semi-synthetic route was developed which utilized Taxol precursors which can be extracted from the needles of ''Taxus'' trees. Currently, paclitaxel is being produced through plant cell culture. This was the first plant cell culture production route approved by the FDA for the production of a pharmaceutical.

Docetaxel (Taxotere, sanofi-aventis) is a derivative of Taxol that was discovered during the search for a more easily produced taxane anti-cancer agent. It is currently used in the treatment of breast, stomach and prostate cancer.

<applet size='[450,338]' frame='true' align='right'
caption='Paclitaxel (also known as Taxol)' /> <scene name='Rohan_Patil/Sandbox1/Taxol/6'>Paclitaxel</scene>

Molecular Playground Banner: "Paclitaxel (Taxol),a plant-derived natural product to treat cancer"

<applet size='[450,338]' frame='true' align='right'
caption='Docetaxel(also known as Taxotere)' /> <scene name='Molecular_Playground/Taxol/Docetaxel/4'>Docetaxel</scene>

Molecular Playground/Taxol

2010-12-10T19:21:57Z

Sarah Wilson:

File:Paclitaxel.png

2010-12-10T19:21:39Z

Sarah Wilson:

Molecular Playground/Taxol

2010-12-10T19:20:32Z

Sarah Wilson:

[[Image:taxol.png|frame|Paclitaxel (Taxol)]]
[[Image:Docetaxel.png|frame|Docetaxel (Taxotere)]]

One of the [[CBI Molecules]] being studied in the [http://www.umass.edu/cbi/ University of Massachusetts Amherst Chemistry-Biology Interface Program] at UMass Amherst and on display at the [http://www.molecularplayground.org/ Molecular Playground].

Paclitaxel, also called Taxol (Bristol-Myers Squibb), is a plant derived anticancer drug that was first isolated from the bark of Pacific yew tree, ''Taxus brevifolia'', in 1971. It is a complex diterpenoid with a bulky, fused ring system as well as a number of hydrophobic substituents. It is currently being used in the treatment of ovarian, breast and lung cancers, and additional therapies are being developed for treatment of Alzheimer's and post-heart surgery patients. Taxol causes cell death by promoting the assembly of microtubules, preventing cell mitosis.

Originally, paclitaxel was produced through the extraction of the drug from the bark of ''Taxus'' trees. This process was unsustainable because nearly 40,000 trees were required to meet the demands for the drug each year. A semi-synthetic route was developed which utilized Taxol precursors which can be extracted from the needles of ''Taxus'' trees. Currently, paclitaxel is being produced through plant cell culture. This was the first plant cell culture production route approved by the FDA for the production of a pharmaceutical.

<applet size='[450,338]' frame='true' align='right'
caption='Paclitaxel (also known as Taxol)' /> <scene name='Rohan_Patil/Sandbox1/Taxol/6'>Paclitaxel</scene>

Molecular Playground Banner: "Paclitaxel (Taxol),a plant-derived natural product to treat cancer"

<applet size='[450,338]' frame='true' align='right'
caption='Docetaxel(also known as Taxotere)' /> <scene name='Molecular_Playground/Taxol/Docetaxel/4'>Docetaxel</scene>

Molecular Playground/Taxol

2010-12-10T19:20:10Z

Sarah Wilson:

[[Image:taxol.png|frame|Paclitaxel (Taxol)]]
[[Image:500px-Docetaxel.png|frame|Docetaxel (Taxotere)]]

One of the [[CBI Molecules]] being studied in the [http://www.umass.edu/cbi/ University of Massachusetts Amherst Chemistry-Biology Interface Program] at UMass Amherst and on display at the [http://www.molecularplayground.org/ Molecular Playground].

Paclitaxel, also called Taxol (Bristol-Myers Squibb), is a plant derived anticancer drug that was first isolated from the bark of Pacific yew tree, ''Taxus brevifolia'', in 1971. It is a complex diterpenoid with a bulky, fused ring system as well as a number of hydrophobic substituents. It is currently being used in the treatment of ovarian, breast and lung cancers, and additional therapies are being developed for treatment of Alzheimer's and post-heart surgery patients. Taxol causes cell death by promoting the assembly of microtubules, preventing cell mitosis.

Originally, paclitaxel was produced through the extraction of the drug from the bark of ''Taxus'' trees. This process was unsustainable because nearly 40,000 trees were required to meet the demands for the drug each year. A semi-synthetic route was developed which utilized Taxol precursors which can be extracted from the needles of ''Taxus'' trees. Currently, paclitaxel is being produced through plant cell culture. This was the first plant cell culture production route approved by the FDA for the production of a pharmaceutical.

<applet size='[450,338]' frame='true' align='right'
caption='Paclitaxel (also known as Taxol)' /> <scene name='Rohan_Patil/Sandbox1/Taxol/6'>Paclitaxel</scene>

Molecular Playground Banner: "Paclitaxel (Taxol),a plant-derived natural product to treat cancer"

<applet size='[450,338]' frame='true' align='right'
caption='Docetaxel(also known as Taxotere)' /> <scene name='Molecular_Playground/Taxol/Docetaxel/4'>Docetaxel</scene>

File:Docetaxel.png

2010-12-10T19:18:01Z

Sarah Wilson:

Molecular Playground/Taxol

2010-12-10T18:40:19Z

Sarah Wilson:

[[Image:taxol.png|frame|Paclitaxel (Taxol)]]

One of the [[CBI Molecules]] being studied in the [http://www.umass.edu/cbi/ University of Massachusetts Amherst Chemistry-Biology Interface Program] at UMass Amherst and on display at the [http://www.molecularplayground.org/ Molecular Playground].

Paclitaxel, also called Taxol (Bristol-Myers Squibb), is a plant derived anticancer drug that was first isolated from the bark of Pacific yew tree, ''Taxus brevifolia'', in 1971. It is a complex diterpenoid with a bulky, fused ring system as well as a number of hydrophobic substituents. It is currently being used in the treatment of ovarian, breast and lung cancers, and additional therapies are being developed for treatment of Alzheimer's and post-heart surgery patients. Taxol causes cell death by promoting the assembly of microtubules, preventing cell mitosis.

Originally, paclitaxel was produced through the extraction of the drug from the bark of ''Taxus'' trees. This process was unsustainable because nearly 40,000 trees were required to meet the demands for the drug each year. A semi-synthetic route was developed which utilized Taxol precursors which can be extracted from the needles of ''Taxus'' trees. Currently, paclitaxel is being produced through plant cell culture. This was the first plant cell culture production route approved by the FDA for the production of a pharmaceutical.

<applet size='[450,338]' frame='true' align='right'
caption='Paclitaxel (also known as Taxol)' /> <scene name='Rohan_Patil/Sandbox1/Taxol/6'>Paclitaxel</scene>

Molecular Playground Banner: "Paclitaxel (Taxol),a plant-derived natural product to treat cancer"

<applet size='[450,338]' frame='true' align='right'
caption='Docetaxel(also known as Taxotere)' /> <scene name='Molecular_Playground/Taxol/Docetaxel/4'>Docetaxel</scene>

Molecular Playground/Taxol

2010-12-10T18:39:32Z

Sarah Wilson:

[[Image:taxol.png|frame|Paclitaxel (Taxol)]]

One of the [[CBI Molecules]] being studied in the [http://www.umass.edu/cbi/ University of Massachusetts Amherst Chemistry-Biology Interface Program] at UMass Amherst and on display at the [http://www.molecularplayground.org/ Molecular Playground].

Paclitaxel, also called Taxol (Bristol-Myers Squibb), is a plant derived anticancer drug that was first isolated from the bark of Pacific yew tree, ''Taxus brevifolia'', in 1971. It is a complex diterpenoid with a bulky, fused ring system as well as a number of hydrophobic substituents. It is currently being used in the treatment of ovarian, breast and lung cancers, and additional therapies are being developed for treatment of Alzheimer's and post-heart surgery patients. Taxol causes cell death by promoting the assembly of microtubules, preventing cell mitosis.

Originally, paclitaxel was produced through the extraction of the drug from the bark of ''Taxus'' trees. This process was unsustainable because nearly 40,000 trees were required to meet the demands for the drug each year. A semi-synthetic route was developed which utilized Taxol precursors which can be extracted from the needles of ''Taxus'' trees. Currently, paclitaxel is being produced through plant cell culture. This was the first plant cell culture production route approved by the FDA for the production of a pharmaceutical.

<applet size='[450,338]' frame='true' align='right'
caption='Paclitaxel (also known as Taxol)' /> <scene name='Rohan_Patil/Sandbox1/Taxol/6'>Paclitaxel</scene>

Molecular Playground Banner: "Paclitaxel (Taxol),a plant-derived natural product to treat cancer"

<scene name='Molecular_Playground/Taxol/Docetaxel/4'>Docetaxel</scene>

CBI Molecules

2010-12-10T18:23:36Z

Sarah Wilson:

These are molecules under study by members of the [http://www.umass.edu/cbi/ University of Massachusetts Amherst Chemistry-Biology Interface Program].
Many of the molecules we study are featured at the [http://www.molecularplayground.org/ Molecular Playground]. Follow the links below to read nontechnical descriptions in Proteopedia.

UMass CBI Members, add your molecules to the list (which is alphabetical by CBI research mentor); follow the instructions below the list.

Fall 2010: New entries are due 12/10/10. Please append the designation (new Fall 2010) to your new entries. If you want to build on a previous entry, leave the earlier one intact and make a copy that you improve and mark as new. Later we will retain the new one with a merged author list.

Bhatia Lab
: '''[[Molecular Playground/Alginate]]''', David Griffin

[http://chamberslab.com/wp/ Chambers Lab]

: '''[[Molecular Playground/Glutamate Receptor]]''', Amanda Hussey, Steve McCarron, Rosie Combs-Bachmann, Mariel Feliciano

Forbes Lab

: '''[[Molecular Playground/TRAIL]]''', Charley Swofford

[http://www.biochem.umass.edu/garman/index.html Garman Lab]

: '''[[Molecular Playground/Human Protective Protein Cathepsin A]]''', Yadilette Rivera-Colon

: '''[[Molecular Playground/Human PPCA]]''', Nilima Kolli

[http://people.chem.umass.edu/gieraschlab/ Gierasch Lab]

: '''[[CRABP I ( Cellular Retinoic Acid Binding Protein )|Molecular Playground/CRABP I]]''', Kristine Faye Pobre, Mylene Ferrolino,Mangai Periasamy
:: Best Overall CBI Molecule 2010

[http://people.chem.umass.edu/jhardy/ Hardy Lab]

: '''[[Molecular Playground/Caspase-7 Dynamics]]'''

: '''[[Molecular Playground/Caspase-9 Regulation]]''', Kristen Huber

: '''[[Molecular Playground/Caspase-6 (new)]]''', Elih Velazquez

: '''[[Molecular Playground/Influenza A M2 transmembrane domain]]''', Samantha Nicholls

Hebert Lab

: '''[[Molecular_Playground/ERMan1]]''', Johan Sunryd

Kaltashov Lab

: '''[[Molecular Playground/Velaglucerase]]''', Adriana Kita

Knapp lab

:'''[[Molecular Playground/Prolyl Hydroxylase Domain (PHD) Enzyme]]''', Cristina Martin
:: Best CBI Molecule Proteopedia Page 2010

: '''[[Molecular Playground/FIH]]''', Cornelius Taabazuing, Breanne Holmes, John Hangasky

[http://www.chem.umass.edu/~cmartin/ Martin Lab]

: '''[[Molecular Playground/T7 RNA Polymerase (7 mer int)]]''', Ankit Vahia

[http://robertsgroup.ecs.umass.edu/ Roberts Lab]

: '''[[Molecular Playground/Taxol]]''', Rohan Patil, Sarah Wilson

: '''[[Molecular Playground/Insulin]]''', Whitney Stoppel

[http://www.umass.edu/rotellogroup/ Rotello Lab]

: '''[[Reverse transcriptase|Molecular Playground/Reverse Transcriptase]]''', Daniel Moyano-Marino

: '''[[Molecular Playground/Pancreatic Lipase]]''', Rui Tang

: '''[[Molecular playground/Chymotrypsin]]''', Brad

: '''[[Molecular Playground/Targeting Peptide]]''', David Solfiell

Schnarr Lab

: '''[[6-deoxyerythronolide_B_synthase_(DEBS)|Molecular Playground/6-Deoxyerythronolide B Synthase]]''', Tsung-Yi Lin, Jon Amoroso

Thayumanavan Lab

: '''[[Molecular Playground/Lysozime ]]''', Daniella Gonzalez

: '''[[Molecular Playground/Beta-galactosidase]]''', Judy Ventura

: '''[[User:Krishna Reddy Ragupathi|Molecular Playground/Carbonic Anhydrase]]''', Krishna Reddy Raghupathi

: '''[[User:Rami Rajasekhar Reddy|Molecular Playground/Avidin]]''', Rami Rajasekar Reddy

: '''[[Molecular Playground/Biotin binding avidin]]''', Diego Amado

: '''[[User:Jiaming Zhuang|Molecular Playground/MMP12]]''', Jiaming Zhuang

: ''' [[User:Jing Guo|Molecular Playground/Gluconase]]''', Jing Guo

: '''[[Molecular Playground/Glutathione Reductase]]''', Reuben Chacko

Thayumanavan & Vachet Labs

: '''[[Molecular Playground/Trypsin]]''', Gladys Murage

[http://people.chem.umass.edu/thompson/index.html Thompson] & [http://www.chem.umass.edu/~rmweis/weislab/ Weis] Labs

: '''[[Molecular Playground/Bacterial Chemotaxis Receptors]]''', Lynmarie K. Thompson, Shiela M. Jones

[http://www.chem.umass.edu/~vachet/index.html Vachet Lab]

: '''[[Molecular playground/beta 2 microglobulin]]''', Nick Borotto
:: Best CBI Molecule Jmol scenes 2010

: '''[[Molecular Playground/Myoglobin]]''', Yuping Zhou

Other Molecules of interest

: '''[[Molecular Playground/PcrA Helicase]]''', Luis E Ramirez-Tapia, [http://www.chem.umass.edu/~cmartin/ Martin Lab]

Other Laboratories

: '''[[Molecular Playground/YKL-40]]''', Ralph A. Francescone III, [http://www.bio.umass.edu/mcb/faculty/Shao.html Shao Lab]

: '''[[Molecular Playground/BLG|Molecular Playground/β-lactoglobulin]]''', Daniel Seeman, Dubin Lab

Instructions:

'''Congratulations to the prize-winning CBI molecules noted above! These also provide great examples to follow. Another prize for best CBI Molecules page and/or scene will be awarded in spring 2011!'''

Choose a molecule that is part of your research project.

1. If you don't already have one, request a Proteopedia account and log in. If you are new to Proteopedia, click Help in the navigation box on the left to get started.

2. Make yourself a sandbox page in which you will develop your CBI Molecule scene and description (Enter "User:your name/sandbox 1" (omit quotes) in the search box, then follow instructions to edit this page. See example [[User:Lynmarie K Thompson/Sandbox 1]]).

3. Follow the format of the sample CBI molecule page [[Molecular Playground/Bacterial Chemotaxis Receptors]]. Easiest way to do this is to copy this page (in editing mode), paste it into your sandbox page, keep the first paragraph about CBI molecules, and then edit to describe and display your molecule. Your goal is to make this an interesting, nontechnical description of the molecule. If multiple people in one group work on the same molecule, you can each make different scenes for the same CBI molecule and each describe them on the same proteopedia page. Talk with each other about your plans so you are not duplicating efforts.

4. Create an attractive scene for your molecule: use the scene authoring tools in the edit mode to create the view you like, then copy the wiki text into your window.

5. Follow instructions at [[Molecular Playground/Procedures]] as well. But don't "capture the state script for your scene"; that will be done for you (see #7). With your chosen Jmol scene for the Molecular Playground, specify a "banner", which will be projected with the molecule on the Molecular Playground. This should be a short, one-line headline for your scene that includes the name of the molecule and what is important about the scene or the molecule. Remember to design this for the general public, including non-scientists. My example is: "Molecular Playground banner: A bacterial chemotaxis receptor protein used by bacteria to "smell" their environment."

6. When you are happy with your sandbox page, make yourself a permanent Proteopedia page, which will be editable by others. Enter "Molecular Playground/your molecule" (omit quotes) in the search box, then follow the instructions to create a new page with this title. Copy the content of your sandbox to this new page.

7. When you have finished the final version of your page and scene, edit this CBI Molecules page to add a listing and link for your molecule, following the "Bacterial chemotaxis receptors" example above. Please list your lab group, with your name in parentheses. That way more than one name can be associated with a Molecular Playground page (if there are several students on the Molecular Playground page, please indicate your scene with your initials). It would be great to link the lab names to web pages too. Once this link is there, your scene is considered done, and someone will capture the state script for display on the Molecular Playground.

Molecular Playground/Taxol

2010-12-10T14:36:00Z

Sarah Wilson:

[[Image:taxol.png|frame|Paclitaxel (Taxol)]]

One of the [[CBI Molecules]] being studied in the [http://www.umass.edu/cbi/ University of Massachusetts Amherst Chemistry-Biology Interface Program] at UMass Amherst and on display at the [http://www.molecularplayground.org/ Molecular Playground].

Paclitaxel, also called Taxol (Bristol-Myers Squibb), is a plant derived anticancer drug that was first isolated from the bark of Pacific yew tree, ''Taxus brevifolia'', in 1971. It is a complex diterpenoid with a bulky, fused ring system as well as a number of hydrophobic substituents. It is currently being used in the treatment of ovarian, breast and lung cancers, and additional therapies are being developed for treatment of Alzheimer's and post-heart surgery patients. Taxol causes cell death by promoting the assembly of microtubules, preventing cell mitosis.

Originally, paclitaxel was produced through the extraction of the drug from the bark of ''Taxus'' trees. This process was unsustainable because nearly 40,000 trees were required to meet the demands for the drug each year. A semi-synthetic route was developed which utilized Taxol precursors which can be extracted from the needles of ''Taxus'' trees.

Presently, taxol supply is made available either through a semi-synthetic route using precursors isolated from needles of yew species or through ''Taxus'' cell suspension cultures. ''Taxus'' cell suspension culture is an alternative to stripping bark from ''Taxus'' trees and extracting precursors from needles.

<applet size='[450,338]' frame='true' align='right'
caption='Paclitaxel (also known as Taxol)' /> <scene name='Rohan_Patil/Sandbox1/Taxol/6'>Paclitaxel</scene>

Molecular Playground Banner: "Paclitaxel (Taxol),a plant-derived natural product to treat cancer"

<scene name='Molecular_Playground/Taxol/Docetaxel/4'>Docetaxel</scene>

Molecular Playground/Taxol

2010-11-09T19:58:41Z

Sarah Wilson:

[[Image:taxol.png|frame|Paclitaxel (Taxol)]]

One of the [[CBI Molecules]] being studied in the [http://www.umass.edu/cbi/ University of Massachusetts Amherst Chemistry-Biology Interface Program] at UMass Amherst and on display at the [http://www.molecularplayground.org/ Molecular Playground].

Paclitaxel, also called as Taxol, is a plant derived anticancer drug. It was first isolated from the bark of Pacific yew tree, ''Taxus brevifolia''. Paclitaxel is a complex diterpenoid product, with a bulky, fused ring system as well as a number of hydrophobic substituents. It has been FDA approved for the treatment of ovarian, breast and non-small cell lung cancer. Taxol binds to the ends of microtubules and inhibits further microtubule elongation. This prevents the cell from dividing and causes the cell to die. Because cancer cells divide much quicker than normal cells, taxol predominantly attacks tumors.

Presently, taxol supply is made available either through a semi-synthetic route using precursors isolated from needles of yew species or through ''Taxus'' cell suspension cultures. ''Taxus'' cell suspension culture is an alternative to stripping bark from ''Taxus'' trees and extracting precursors from needles.

<applet size='[450,338]' frame='true' align='right'
caption='Paclitaxel (also known as Taxol)' /> <scene name='Rohan_Patil/Sandbox1/Taxol/6'>Paclitaxel</scene>

Molecular Playground Banner: "Paclitaxel (Taxol),a plant-derived natural product to treat cancer"

<scene name='Molecular_Playground/Taxol/Docetaxel/4'>Docetaxel</scene>

Molecular Playground/Taxol

2010-11-09T19:56:29Z

Sarah Wilson:

[[Image:taxol.png|frame|Paclitaxel (Taxol)]]

One of the [[CBI Molecules]] being studied in the [http://www.umass.edu/cbi/ University of Massachusetts Amherst Chemistry-Biology Interface Program] at UMass Amherst and on display at the [http://www.molecularplayground.org/ Molecular Playground].

Paclitaxel, also called as Taxol, is a plant derived anticancer drug. It was first isolated from the bark of Pacific yew tree, ''Taxus brevifolia''. Paclitaxel is a complex diterpenoid product, with a bulky, fused ring system as well as a number of hydrophobic substituents. It has been FDA approved for the treatment of ovarian, breast and non-small cell lung cancer. Taxol binds to the ends of microtubules and inhibits further microtubule elongation. This prevents the cell from dividing and causes the cell to die. Because cancer cells divide much quicker than normal cells, taxol predominantly attacks tumors.

Presently, taxol supply is made available either through a semi-synthetic route using precursors isolated from needles of yew species or through ''Taxus'' cell suspension cultures. ''Taxus'' cell suspension culture is an alternative to stripping bark from ''Taxus'' trees and extracting precursors from needles.

<applet size='[450,338]' frame='true' align='right'
caption='Paclitaxel (also known as Taxol)' /> <scene name='Rohan_Patil/Sandbox1/Taxol/6'>Paclitaxel</scene>

Molecular Playground Banner: "Paclitaxel (Taxol),a plant-derived natural product to treat cancer"

<scene name='Molecular_Playground/Taxol/Docetaxel/3'>Docetaxel</scene>

Molecular Playground/Taxol

2010-11-09T19:53:05Z

Sarah Wilson:

[[Image:taxol.png|frame|Paclitaxel (Taxol)]]

One of the [[CBI Molecules]] being studied in the [http://www.umass.edu/cbi/ University of Massachusetts Amherst Chemistry-Biology Interface Program] at UMass Amherst and on display at the [http://www.molecularplayground.org/ Molecular Playground].

Paclitaxel, also called as Taxol, is a plant derived anticancer drug. It was first isolated from the bark of Pacific yew tree, ''Taxus brevifolia''. Paclitaxel is a complex diterpenoid product, with a bulky, fused ring system as well as a number of hydrophobic substituents. It has been FDA approved for the treatment of ovarian, breast and non-small cell lung cancer. Taxol binds to the ends of microtubules and inhibits further microtubule elongation. This prevents the cell from dividing and causes the cell to die. Because cancer cells divide much quicker than normal cells, taxol predominantly attacks tumors.

Presently, taxol supply is made available either through a semi-synthetic route using precursors isolated from needles of yew species or through ''Taxus'' cell suspension cultures. ''Taxus'' cell suspension culture is an alternative to stripping bark from ''Taxus'' trees and extracting precursors from needles.

<applet size='[450,338]' frame='true' align='right'
caption='Paclitaxel (also known as Taxol)' /> <scene name='Rohan_Patil/Sandbox1/Taxol/6'>Paclitaxel</scene>

<scene name='Molecular_Playground/Taxol/Docetaxel/2'>TextToBeDisplayed</scene>

Molecular Playground Banner: "Paclitaxel (Taxol),a plant-derived natural product to treat cancer"

Molecular Playground/Taxol

2010-11-09T19:49:14Z

Sarah Wilson:

[[Image:taxol.png|frame|Paclitaxel (Taxol)]]

One of the [[CBI Molecules]] being studied in the [http://www.umass.edu/cbi/ University of Massachusetts Amherst Chemistry-Biology Interface Program] at UMass Amherst and on display at the [http://www.molecularplayground.org/ Molecular Playground].

Paclitaxel, also called as Taxol, is a plant derived anticancer drug. It was first isolated from the bark of Pacific yew tree, ''Taxus brevifolia''. Paclitaxel is a complex diterpenoid product, with a bulky, fused ring system as well as a number of hydrophobic substituents. It has been FDA approved for the treatment of ovarian, breast and non-small cell lung cancer. Taxol binds to the ends of microtubules and inhibits further microtubule elongation. This prevents the cell from dividing and causes the cell to die. Because cancer cells divide much quicker than normal cells, taxol predominantly attacks tumors.

Presently, taxol supply is made available either through a semi-synthetic route using precursors isolated from needles of yew species or through ''Taxus'' cell suspension cultures. ''Taxus'' cell suspension culture is an alternative to stripping bark from ''Taxus'' trees and extracting precursors from needles.

<scene name='Molecular_Playground/Taxol/Docetaxel/1'>Docetaxel</scene>

<applet size='[450,338]' frame='true' align='right'
caption='Paclitaxel (also known as Taxol)' /> <scene name='Rohan_Patil/Sandbox1/Taxol/6'>Paclitaxel</scene>

Molecular Playground Banner: "Paclitaxel (Taxol),a plant-derived natural product to treat cancer"

File:Docetaxel 2 .pdb

2010-11-09T19:42:23Z

Sarah Wilson:

File:Docetaxel.pdb

2010-11-09T19:21:26Z

Sarah Wilson:

File:Docetaxel (1).pdb

2010-11-09T19:06:25Z

Sarah Wilson:

File:Docetaxel (1).mol

2010-11-09T18:59:06Z

Sarah Wilson:

File:Docetaxel.mol

2010-11-09T18:54:17Z

Sarah Wilson: uploaded a new version of "Image:Docetaxel.mol": Reverted to version as of 18:45, 9 November 2010

File:Docetaxel.mol

2010-11-09T18:49:09Z

Sarah Wilson: uploaded a new version of "Image:Docetaxel.mol"

File:Docetaxel.mol

2010-11-09T18:45:42Z

Sarah Wilson:

File:Taxol.pdb

2010-11-09T18:28:18Z

Sarah Wilson: taxol structure

taxol structure

User:Sarah Wilson/sandbox

2010-11-09T18:09:09Z

Sarah Wilson: New page: Taxol

Taxol