| Structural highlights
6e7r is a 4 chain structure with sequence from Rattus norvegicus and Xenopus laevis. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
| | Method: | X-ray diffraction, Resolution 2.1Å |
| Ligands: | BMA, CL, HYS, MAN, NA, NAG |
| Resources: | FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT |
Function
NMDZ1_XENLA Component of NMDA receptor complexes that function as heterotetrameric, ligand-gated ion channels with high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Channel activation requires binding of the neurotransmitter glutamate to the epsilon subunit, glycine binding to the zeta subunit, plus membrane depolarization to eliminate channel inhibition by Mg(2+) (PubMed:16214956, PubMed:19524674, PubMed:21677647, PubMed:25008524, PubMed:26912815, PubMed:27135925, Ref.11, PubMed:28232581). Sensitivity to glutamate and channel kinetics depend on the subunit composition (Probable).[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [PDB:5IOV]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Context-dependent inhibition of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors has important therapeutic implications for the treatment of neurological diseases that are associated with altered neuronal firing and signaling. This is especially true in stroke, where the proton concentration in the afflicted area can increase by an order of magnitude. A class of allosteric inhibitors, the 93-series, shows greater potency against GluN1-GluN2B NMDA receptors in such low pH environments, allowing targeted therapy only within the ischemic region. Here we map the 93-series compound binding site in the GluN1-GluN2B NMDA receptor amino terminal domain and show that the interaction of the N-alkyl group with a hydrophobic cage of the binding site is critical for pH-dependent inhibition. Mutation of residues in the hydrophobic cage alters pH-dependent potency, and remarkably, can convert inhibitors into potentiators. Our study provides a foundation for the development of highly specific neuroprotective compounds for the treatment of neurological diseases.
Structural elements of a pH-sensitive inhibitor binding site in NMDA receptors.,Regan MC, Zhu Z, Yuan H, Myers SJ, Menaldino DS, Tahirovic YA, Liotta DC, Traynelis SF, Furukawa H Nat Commun. 2019 Jan 18;10(1):321. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-08291-1. PMID:30659174[8]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Schmidt C, Werner M, Hollmann M. Revisiting the postulated "unitary glutamate receptor": electrophysiological and pharmacological analysis in two heterologous expression systems fails to detect evidence for its existence. Mol Pharmacol. 2006 Jan;69(1):119-29. doi: 10.1124/mol.105.016840. Epub 2005 Oct , 7. PMID:16214956 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1124/mol.105.016840
- ↑ Schmidt C, Hollmann M. Molecular and functional characterization of Xenopus laevis N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors. Mol Cell Neurosci. 2009 Oct;42(2):116-27. doi: 10.1016/j.mcn.2009.06.004. Epub, 2009 Jun 12. PMID:19524674 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcn.2009.06.004
- ↑ Karakas E, Simorowski N, Furukawa H. Subunit arrangement and phenylethanolamine binding in GluN1/GluN2B NMDA receptors. Nature. 2011 Jun 15;475(7355):249-53. doi: 10.1038/nature10180. PMID:21677647 doi:10.1038/nature10180
- ↑ Lee CH, Lu W, Michel JC, Goehring A, Du J, Song X, Gouaux E. NMDA receptor structures reveal subunit arrangement and pore architecture. Nature. 2014 Jul 10;511(7508):191-7. doi: 10.1038/nature13548. Epub 2014 Jun 22. PMID:25008524 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature13548
- ↑ Stroebel D, Buhl DL, Knafels JD, Chanda PK, Green M, Sciabola S, Mony L, Paoletti P, Pandit J. A novel binding mode reveals two distinct classes of NMDA receptor GluN2B-selective antagonists. Mol Pharmacol. 2016 Feb 24. pii: mol.115.103036. PMID:26912815 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1124/mol.115.103036
- ↑ Tajima N, Karakas E, Grant T, Simorowski N, Diaz-Avalos R, Grigorieff N, Furukawa H. Activation of NMDA receptors and the mechanism of inhibition by ifenprodil. Nature. 2016 May 2. doi: 10.1038/nature17679. PMID:27135925 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature17679
- ↑ Lu W, Du J, Goehring A, Gouaux E. Cryo-EM structures of the triheteromeric NMDA receptor and its allosteric modulation. Science. 2017 Feb 23. pii: eaal3729. doi: 10.1126/science.aal3729. PMID:28232581 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aal3729
- ↑ Regan MC, Zhu Z, Yuan H, Myers SJ, Menaldino DS, Tahirovic YA, Liotta DC, Traynelis SF, Furukawa H. Structural elements of a pH-sensitive inhibitor binding site in NMDA receptors. Nat Commun. 2019 Jan 18;10(1):321. PMID:30659174 doi:10.1038/s41467-019-08291-1
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