| Structural highlights
Function
GRIA2_RAT Receptor for glutamate that functions as ligand-gated ion channel in the central nervous system and plays an important role in excitatory synaptic transmission. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a conformation change, leading to the opening of the cation channel, and thereby converts the chemical signal to an electrical impulse. The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters a transient inactive state, characterized by the presence of bound agonist. In the presence of CACNG4 or CACNG7 or CACNG8, shows resensitization which is characterized by a delayed accumulation of current flux upon continued application of glutamate.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Alpha-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid receptors (AMPARs) are cation-selective ion channels that mediate most fast excitatory neurotransmission in the brain. Although their gating mechanism has been studied extensively, understanding how cations traverse the pore has remained elusive. Here we investigated putative ion and water densities in the open pore of Ca(2+)-permeable AMPARs (rat GRIA2 flip-Q isoform) at 2.3-2.6 A resolution. We show that the ion permeation pathway attains an extracellular Ca(2+) binding site (site-G) when the channel gate moves into the open configuration. Site-G is highly selective for Ca(2+) over Na(+), favoring the movement of Ca(2+) into the selectivity filter of the pore. Seizure-related N619K mutation, adjacent to site-G, promotes channel opening but attenuates Ca(2+) binding and thus diminishes Ca(2+) permeability. Our work identifies the importance of site-G, which coordinates with the Q/R site of the selectivity filter to ensure the preferential transport of Ca(2+) through the channel pore.
The open gate of the AMPA receptor forms a Ca(2+) binding site critical in regulating ion transport.,Nakagawa T, Wang XT, Miguez-Cabello FJ, Bowie D Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2024 Apr;31(4):688-700. doi: 10.1038/s41594-024-01228-3. , Epub 2024 Feb 26. PMID:38409505[15]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
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- ↑ Sobolevsky AI, Rosconi MP, Gouaux E. X-ray structure, symmetry and mechanism of an AMPA-subtype glutamate receptor. Nature. 2009 Dec 10;462(7274):745-56. Epub . PMID:19946266 doi:10.1038/nature08624
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- ↑ Nakagawa T, Wang XT, Miguez-Cabello FJ, Bowie D. The open gate of the AMPA receptor forms a Ca(2+) binding site critical in regulating ion transport. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2024 Apr;31(4):688-700. PMID:38409505 doi:10.1038/s41594-024-01228-3
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