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==GluA2-STZ pre-active state with partial agonist NOW at 25 degrees C (full-length composite)==
<StructureSection load='11wc' size='340' side='right'caption='[[11wc]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 4.02&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[11wc]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus_musculus Mus musculus] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rattus_norvegicus Rattus norvegicus]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=11WC OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=11WC FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">Electron Microscopy, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 4.02&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=NA:SODIUM+ION'>NA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NWD:3-(5-NITRO-2,4-DIOXO-3,4-DIHYDROPYRIMIDIN-1(2H)-YL)-L-ALANINE'>NWD</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=11wc FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=11wc OCA], [https://pdbe.org/11wc PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=11wc RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/11wc PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=11wc ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CCG2_MOUSE CCG2_MOUSE] Note=Defects in Cacng2 cause the stargazer (stg) phenotype. Stg mice have spike-wave seizures characteristic of absence epilepsy, with accompanying defects in the cerebellum and inner ear.
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/GRIA2_RAT GRIA2_RAT] Receptor for glutamate that functions as ligand-gated ion channel in the central nervous system and plays an important role in excitatory synaptic transmission. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a conformation change, leading to the opening of the cation channel, and thereby converts the chemical signal to an electrical impulse. The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters a transient inactive state, characterized by the presence of bound agonist. In the presence of CACNG4 or CACNG7 or CACNG8, shows resensitization which is characterized by a delayed accumulation of current flux upon continued application of glutamate.<ref>PMID:9351977</ref> <ref>PMID:19265014</ref> <ref>PMID:21172611</ref> <ref>PMID:12501192</ref> <ref>PMID:12015593</ref> <ref>PMID:12872125</ref> <ref>PMID:12730367</ref> <ref>PMID:16192394</ref> <ref>PMID:15591246</ref> <ref>PMID:17018279</ref> <ref>PMID:16483599</ref> <ref>PMID:19946266</ref> <ref>PMID:21317873</ref> <ref>PMID:21846932</ref> [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CCG2_MOUSE CCG2_MOUSE] Regulates the trafficking and gating properties of AMPA-selective glutamate receptors (AMPARs). Promotes their targeting to the cell membrane and synapses and modulates their gating properties by slowing their rates of activation, deactivation and desensitization. Does not show subunit-specific AMPA receptor regulation and regulates all AMPAR subunits. Thought to stabilize the calcium channel in an inactivated (closed) state (By similarity).
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
AMPA receptors (AMPARs) mediate fast excitatory neurotransmission. Gating of AMPARs starts with agonist binding and transition into a non-conducting pre-active state, followed by transition into conducting open or non-conducting desensitized states. While the terminal apo, open and desensitized states have been structurally characterized, the intermediate pre-active state has remained an enigma. Compared to full agonist glutamate, partial agonists reduce the maximal occupancy of the open state and increase the probability of the pre-active state occurrence. Here we use different partial agonists and time-resolved cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to capture a structural ensemble of GluA2-gamma2 AMPAR complexes in the closed apo, pre-active, open and desensitized states. Binding of partial agonists to the ligand-binding domain (LBD) results in different extents of LBD clamshell closure, with closures exceeding a threshold of ~17 degrees resulting in the open and desensitized states and smaller closures stabilizing the pre-active state. The pre-active state has a distinct gate conformation intermediate between the other two discrete states, completely open and closed. Combined with single-channel current recordings and molecular dynamics simulations, our structural results reveal the complete gating pathway of AMPARs and shed light on the molecular mechanisms of partial agonism and pre-activation.

Pre-activation and gating pathway of AMPA receptors revealed by full and partial agonists.,Newton TP, Aktolun M, Yelshanskaya MV, Alekseev AA, Yen LY, Gangwar SP, Sobolevsky IA, Kurnikova MG, Sobolevsky AI Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2026 Sep 9. doi: 10.1038/s41594-026-01882-9. PMID:42717062<ref>PMID:42717062</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 11wc" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Mus musculus]]
[[Category: Rattus norvegicus]]
[[Category: Gangwar SP]]
[[Category: Newton TP]]
[[Category: Sobolevsky AI]]
[[Category: Yen LY]]