View source for 4eex


==Crystal Structure of Lactococcus lactis Alcohol Dehydrogenase==
<StructureSection load='4eex' size='340' side='right' caption='[[4eex]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.20&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4eex]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laclk Laclk]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4EEX OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4EEX FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=PG4:TETRAETHYLENE+GLYCOL'>PG4</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[4eez|4eez]]</td></tr>
<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">adhA, LLKF_1981 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=684738 LACLK])</td></tr>
<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_dehydrogenase Alcohol dehydrogenase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=1.1.1.1 1.1.1.1] </span></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4eex FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4eex OCA], [http://pdbe.org/4eex PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4eex RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4eex PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=4eex ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
We have determined the X-ray crystal structures of the NADH-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase LlAdhA from Lactococcus lactis and its laboratory-evolved variant LlAdhA(RE1) at 1.9A and 2.5A resolution, respectively. LlAdhA(RE1), which contains three amino acid mutations (Y50F, I212T, and L264V), was engineered to increase the microbial production of isobutanol (2-methylpropan-1-ol) from isobutyraldehyde (2-methylpropanal). Structural comparison of LlAdhA and LlAdhA(RE1) indicates that the enhanced activity on isobutyraldehyde stems from increases in the protein's active site size, hydrophobicity, and substrate access. Further structure-guided mutagenesis generated a quadruple mutant (Y50F/N110S/I212T/L264V), whose K(M) for isobutyraldehyde is approximately 17-fold lower and catalytic efficiency (k(cat)/K(M)) is approximately 160-fold higher than wild-type LlAdhA. Combining detailed structural information and directed evolution, we have achieved significant improvements in non-native alcohol dehydrogenase activity that will facilitate the production of next-generation fuels such as isobutanol from renewable resources.

Structure-guided engineering of Lactococcus lactis alcohol dehydrogenase LlAdhA for improved conversion of isobutyraldehyde to isobutanol.,Liu X, Bastian S, Snow CD, Brustad EM, Saleski TE, Xu JH, Meinhold P, Arnold FH J Biotechnol. 2012 Sep 3. pii: S0168-1656(12)00610-4. doi:, 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.08.008. PMID:22974724<ref>PMID:22974724</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 4eex" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Alcohol dehydrogenase]]
[[Category: Laclk]]
[[Category: Arnold, F H]]
[[Category: Bastian, S]]
[[Category: Brustad, E M]]
[[Category: Liu, X]]
[[Category: Meinhold, P]]
[[Category: Saleski, T]]
[[Category: Snow, C D]]
[[Category: Xu, J H]]
[[Category: Biofuel]]
[[Category: Directed evolution]]
[[Category: Isobutyraldehyde]]
[[Category: Oxidoreductase]]
[[Category: Site-saturation mutagenesis]]