View source for 1bxs


==SHEEP LIVER CLASS 1 ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE WITH NAD BOUND==
<StructureSection load='1bxs' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1bxs]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.35&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1bxs]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovis_aries Ovis aries]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1BXS OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1BXS FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.35&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=NAD:NICOTINAMIDE-ADENINE-DINUCLEOTIDE'>NAD</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1bxs FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1bxs OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1bxs PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1bxs RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1bxs PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1bxs ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/AL1A1_SHEEP AL1A1_SHEEP] Binds free retinal and cellular retinol-binding protein-bound retinal. Can convert/oxidize retinaldehyde to retinoic acid.
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
  <jmolCheckbox>
    <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/bx/1bxs_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
    <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
    <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
  </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=1bxs ConSurf].
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Background:. Enzymes of the aldehyde dehydrogenase family are required for the clearance of potentially toxic aldehydes, and are essential for the production of key metabolic regulators. The cytosolic, or class 1, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH1) of higher vertebrates has an enhanced specificity for all-trans retinal, oxidising it to the powerful differentiation factor all-trans retinoic acid. Thus, ALDH1 is very likely to have a key role in vertebrate development. Results:. The three-dimensional structure of sheep ALDH1 has been determined by X-ray crystallography to 2.35 A resolution. The overall tertiary and quaternary structures are very similar to those of bovine mitochondrial ALDH (ALDH2), but there are important differences in the entrance tunnel for the substrate. In the ALDH1 structure, the sidechain of the general base Glu268 is disordered and the NAD+ cofactor binds in two distinct modes. Conclusions:. The submicromolar Km of ALDH1 for all-trans retinal, and its 600-fold enhanced affinity for retinal compared to acetaldehyde, are explained by the size and shape of the substrate entrance tunnel in ALDH1. All-trans retinal fits into the active-site pocket of ALDH1, but not into the pocket of ALDH2. Two helices and one surface loop that line the tunnel are likely to have a key role in defining substrate specificity in the wider ALDH family. The relative sizes of the tunnels also suggest why the bulky alcohol aversive drug disulfiram reacts more rapidly with ALDH1 than ALDH2. The disorder of Glu268 and the observation that NAD+ binds in two distinct modes indicate that flexibility is a key facet of the enzyme reaction mechanism.

Sheep liver cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase: the structure reveals the basis for the retinal specificity of class 1 aldehyde dehydrogenases.,Moore SA, Baker HM, Blythe TJ, Kitson KE, Kitson TM, Baker EN Structure. 1998 Dec 15;6(12):1541-51. PMID:9862807<ref>PMID:9862807</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 1bxs" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3D structures|Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Ovis aries]]
[[Category: Baker EN]]
[[Category: Baker HM]]
[[Category: Blythe TJ]]
[[Category: Kitson KE]]
[[Category: Kitson TM]]
[[Category: Moore SA]]