View source for 1cb3


==LOCAL INTERACTIONS DRIVE THE FORMATION OF NON-NATIVE STRUCTURE IN THE DENATURED STATE OF HUMAN ALPHA-LACTALBUMIN: A HIGH RESOLUTION STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A PEPTIDE MODEL IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION==
<StructureSection load='1cb3' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1cb3]]' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1cb3]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full experimental information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1CB3 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1CB3 FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">Solution NMR, 40 models</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=ACE:ACETYL+GROUP'>ACE</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NH2:AMINO+GROUP'>NH2</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1cb3 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1cb3 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1cb3 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1cb3 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1cb3 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1cb3 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/LALBA_HUMAN LALBA_HUMAN] Regulatory subunit of lactose synthase, changes the substrate specificity of galactosyltransferase in the mammary gland making glucose a good acceptor substrate for this enzyme. This enables LS to synthesize lactose, the major carbohydrate component of milk. In other tissues, galactosyltransferase transfers galactose onto the N-acetylglucosamine of the oligosaccharide chains in glycoproteins.
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
There are a small number of peptides derived from proteins that have a propensity to adopt structure in aqueous solution which is similar to the structure they possess in the parent protein. There are far fewer examples of protein fragments which adopt stable nonnative structures in isolation. Understanding how nonnative interactions are involved in protein folding is crucial to our understanding of the topic. Here we show that a small, 11 amino acid peptide corresponding to residues 101-111 of the protein alpha-lactalbumin is remarkably structured in isolation in aqueous solution. The peptide has been characterized by 1H NMR, and 170 ROE-derived constraints were used to calculate a structure. The calculations yielded a single, high-resolution structure for residues 101-107 that is nonnative in both the backbone and side-chain conformations. In the pH 6.5 crystal structure, residues 101-105 are in an irregular turn-like conformation and residues 106-111 form an alpha-helix. In the pH 4.2 crystal structure, residues 101-105 form an alpha-helix, and residues 106-111 form a loopike structure. Both of these structures are significantly different from the conformation adopted by our peptide. The structure in the peptide model is primarily the result of local side-chain interactions that force the backbone to adopt a nonnative 310/turn-like structure in residues 103-106. The structure in aqueous solution was compared to the structure in 30% trifluoroethanol (TFE), and clear differences were observed. In particular, one of the side-chain interactions, a hydrophobic cluster involving residues 101-105, is different in the two solvents and residues 107-111 are considerably more ordered in 30% TFE. The implications of the nonnative structure for the folding of alpha-lactalbumin is discussed.

Local interactions drive the formation of nonnative structure in the denatured state of human alpha-lactalbumin: a high resolution structural characterization of a peptide model in aqueous solution.,Demarest SJ, Hua Y, Raleigh DP Biochemistry. 1999 Jun 1;38(22):7380-7. PMID:10353850<ref>PMID:10353850</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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==See Also==
*[[Alpha-lactalbumin 3D structures|Alpha-lactalbumin 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
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</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Demarest SJ]]
[[Category: Hua Y]]
[[Category: Raleigh DP]]