View source for 1esx


==1H, 15N AND 13C STRUCTURE OF THE HIV-1 REGULATORY PROTEIN VPR : COMPARISON WITH THE N-AND C-TERMINAL DOMAIN STRUCTURE, (1-51)VPR AND (52-96)VPR==
<StructureSection load='1esx' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1esx]]' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1esx]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV-1_M:B_89.6 HIV-1 M:B_89.6]. Full experimental information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1ESX OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1ESX FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">Solution NMR</td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1esx FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1esx OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1esx PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1esx RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1esx PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1esx ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/VPR_HV1B9 VPR_HV1B9] Involved in the transport of the viral pre-integration (PIC) complex to the nucleus during the early stages of the infection. This function is crucial for viral infection of non-dividing macrophages. May interact with karyopherin alpha/KPNA1 and KPNA2 to increase their affinity for proteins containing basic-type nuclear localization signal, including the viral matrix protein MA, thus facilitating the translocation of the viral genome into the nucleus. May also act directly at the nuclear pore complex, by binding nucleoporins phenylalanine-glycine (FG)-repeat regions (By similarity).  May target specific host proteins for degradation by the 26S proteasome. Acts by associating with the cellular CUL4A-DDB1 E3 ligase complex through direct interaction with host VPRPB/DCAF-1. This change in the E3 ligase substrate specificity would result in cell cycle arrest or apoptosis in infected cells. Prevents infected cells from undergoing mitosis and proliferating, by inducing arrest or delay in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. This arrest creates a favorable environment for maximizing viral expression and production by rendering the HIV-1 LTR transcriptionally more active. In this context, Vpr stimulates gene expression driven by the HIV-1 LTR by interacting with human SP1, TFIIB and TFIID. Cell cycle arrest reportedly occurs within hours of infection and is not blocked by antiviral agents, suggesting that it is initiated by the Vpr carried into the virion. Additionally, Vpr induces apoptosis in a cell cycle dependent manner suggesting that these two effects are mechanistically linked. Interacts with mitochondrial permeability transition pore complex (PTPC). This interaction induces a rapid dissipation of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and mitochondrial release of apoptogenic proteins such as cytochrome C or apoptosis inducing factors. Detected in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of AIDS patient, Vpr may also induce cell death to bystander cells (By similarity).
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
  <jmolCheckbox>
    <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/es/1esx_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
    <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
    <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
  </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=1esx ConSurf].
<div style="clear:both"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Vpr protein|Vpr protein]]
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</StructureSection>
[[Category: HIV-1 M:B_89 6]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Bouaziz S]]
[[Category: Morellet N]]
[[Category: Roques B]]
[[Category: Wecker K]]