View source for 1gcn


==X-RAY ANALYSIS OF GLUCAGON AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO RECEPTOR BINDING==
<StructureSection load='1gcn' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1gcn]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 3.00&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1gcn]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sus_scrofa Sus scrofa]. The April 2015 RCSB PDB [https://pdb.rcsb.org/pdb/static.do?p=education_discussion/molecule_of_the_month/index.html Molecule of the Month] feature on ''Glucagon''  by David Goodsell is [https://dx.doi.org/10.2210/rcsb_pdb/mom_2015_4 10.2210/rcsb_pdb/mom_2015_4]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1GCN OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1GCN FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 3&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1gcn FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1gcn OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1gcn PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1gcn RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1gcn PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1gcn ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/GLUC_PIG GLUC_PIG] Glucagon plays a key role in glucose metabolism and homeostasis. Regulates blood glucose by increasing gluconeogenesis and decreasing glycolysis. A counterregulatory hormone of insulin, raises plasma glucose levels in response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia (By similarity).  GLP-1 is a potent stimulator of glucose-dependent insulin release. Play important roles on gastric motility and the suppression of plasma glucagon levels. May be involved in the suppression of satiety and stimulation of glucose disposal in peripheral tissues, independent of the actions of insulin. Have growth-promoting activities on intestinal epithelium. May also regulate the hypothalamic pituitary axis (HPA) via effects on LH, TSH, CRH, oxytocin, and vasopressin (By similarity).  GLP-2 stimulates intestinal growth and up-regulates villus height in the small intestine, concomitant with increased crypt cell proliferation and decreased enterocyte apoptosis. The gastrointestinal tract, from the stomach to the colon is the principal target for GLP-2 action. Plays a key role in nutrient homeostasis, enhancing nutrient assimilation through enhanced gastrointestinal function, as well as increasing nutrient disposal. Stimulates intestinal glucose transport and decreases mucosal permeability (By similarity).  Oxyntomodulin significantly reduces food intake (By similarity).  Glicentin may modulate gastric acid secretion and gastro-pyloro-duodenal activity.

==See Also==
*[[Glucagon|Glucagon]]
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Glucagon]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: RCSB PDB Molecule of the Month]]
[[Category: Sus scrofa]]
[[Category: Blundell TL]]
[[Category: Dockerill S]]
[[Category: Sasaki K]]
[[Category: Tickle IJ]]