View source for 1hto


==CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE OF A RELAXED GLUTAMINE SYNTHETASE FROM MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS==
<StructureSection load='1hto' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1hto]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.40&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1hto]] is a 24 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1HTO OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1HTO FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.4&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=AMP:ADENOSINE+MONOPHOSPHATE'>AMP</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CIT:CITRIC+ACID'>CIT</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MN:MANGANESE+(II)+ION'>MN</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1hto FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1hto OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1hto PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1hto RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1hto PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1hto ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/GLN1B_MYCTU GLN1B_MYCTU] Involved in nitrogen metabolism via ammonium assimilation. Catalyzes the ATP-dependent biosynthesis of glutamine from glutamate and ammonia (PubMed:7937767, PubMed:12819079). Also able to use GTP (PubMed:7937767). D-glutamate is a poor substrate, and DL-glutamate shows about 50% of the standard specific activity (PubMed:7937767). Also plays a key role in controlling the ammonia levels within infected host cells and so contributes to the pathogens capacity to inhibit phagosome acidification and phagosome-lysosome fusion (PubMed:7937767, PubMed:12819079). Involved in cell wall biosynthesis via the production of the major component poly-L-glutamine (PLG) (PubMed:7937767, PubMed:10618433). PLG synthesis in the cell wall occurs only in nitrogen limiting conditions and on the contrary high nitrogen conditions inhibit PLG synthesis (Probable).<ref>PMID:10618433</ref> <ref>PMID:12819079</ref> <ref>PMID:7937767</ref> <ref>PMID:9278431</ref> 
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
  <jmolCheckbox>
    <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/ht/1hto_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
    <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
    <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
  </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=1hto ConSurf].
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
The crystal structure of glutamine synthetase (GS) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis determined at 2.4 A resolution reveals citrate and AMP bound in the active site. The structure was refined with strict 24-fold noncrystallographic symmetry (NCS) constraints and has an R-factor of 22.7% and an R-free of 25.5%. Multicopy refinement using 10 atomic models and strict 24-fold NCS constraints further reduced the R-factor to 20.4% and the R-free to 23.2%. The multicopy model demonstrates the range of atomic displacements of catalytic and regulatory loops in glutamine synthesis, simulating loop motions. A comparison with loop positions in substrate complexes of GS from Salmonella typhimurium shows that the Asp50 and Glu327 loops close over the active site during catalysis. These loop closures are preceded by a conformational change of the Glu209 beta-strand upon metal ion or ATP binding that converts the enzyme from a relaxed to a taut state. We propose a model of the GS regulatory mechanism based on the loop motions in which adenylylation of the Tyr397 loop reverses the effect of metal ion binding, and regulates intermediate formation by preventing closure of the Glu327 loop.

Multicopy crystallographic refinement of a relaxed glutamine synthetase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis highlights flexible loops in the enzymatic mechanism and its regulation.,Gill HS, Pfluegl GM, Eisenberg D Biochemistry. 2002 Aug 6;41(31):9863-72. PMID:12146952<ref>PMID:12146952</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 1hto" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Glutamine synthetase 3D structures|Glutamine synthetase 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
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</StructureSection>
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]
[[Category: Eisenberg D]]
[[Category: Gill HS]]