View source for 1nzq


==D-Phe-Pro-Arg-Type Thrombin Inhibitor==
<StructureSection load='1nzq' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1nzq]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.18&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1nzq]] is a 3 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirudo_medicinalis Hirudo medicinalis] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1NZQ OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1NZQ FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.18&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=162:(2-{2-[(5-CARBAMIMIDOYL-1-METHYL-1H-PYRROL-3-YLMETHYL)-CARBAMOYL]-PYRROL-1-YL}+-1-CYCLOHEXYLMETHYL-2-OXO-ETHYLAMINO)-ACETIC+ACID'>162</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ALC:2-AMINO-3-CYCLOHEXYL-PROPIONIC+ACID'>ALC</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=HYP:4-HYDROXYPROLINE'>HYP</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SIN:SUCCINIC+ACID'>SIN</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SMF:4-SULFOMETHYL-L-PHENYLALANINE'>SMF</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1nzq FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1nzq OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1nzq PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1nzq RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1nzq PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1nzq ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/THRB_HUMAN THRB_HUMAN] Defects in F2 are the cause of factor II deficiency (FA2D) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/613679 613679]. It is a very rare blood coagulation disorder characterized by mucocutaneous bleeding symptoms. The severity of the bleeding manifestations correlates with blood factor II levels.<ref>PMID:14962227</ref> <ref>PMID:6405779</ref> <ref>PMID:3771562</ref> <ref>PMID:3567158</ref> <ref>PMID:3801671</ref> <ref>PMID:3242619</ref> <ref>PMID:2719946</ref> <ref>PMID:1354985</ref> <ref>PMID:1421398</ref> <ref>PMID:1349838</ref> <ref>PMID:7865694</ref> <ref>PMID:7792730</ref>   Genetic variations in F2 may be a cause of susceptibility to ischemic stroke (ISCHSTR) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/601367 601367]; also known as cerebrovascular accident or cerebral infarction. A stroke is an acute neurologic event leading to death of neural tissue of the brain and resulting in loss of motor, sensory and/or cognitive function. Ischemic strokes, resulting from vascular occlusion, is considered to be a highly complex disease consisting of a group of heterogeneous disorders with multiple genetic and environmental risk factors.<ref>PMID:15534175</ref>   Defects in F2 are the cause of thrombophilia due to thrombin defect (THPH1) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/188050 188050]. It is a multifactorial disorder of hemostasis characterized by abnormal platelet aggregation in response to various agents and recurrent thrombi formation. Note=A common genetic variation in the 3-prime untranslated region of the prothrombin gene is associated with elevated plasma prothrombin levels and an increased risk of venous thrombosis.  Defects in F2 are associated with susceptibility to pregnancy loss, recurrent, type 2 (RPRGL2) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/614390 614390]. A common complication of pregnancy, resulting in spontaneous abortion before the fetus has reached viability. The term includes all miscarriages from the time of conception until 24 weeks of gestation. Recurrent pregnancy loss is defined as 3 or more consecutive spontaneous abortions.<ref>PMID:11506076</ref> 
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/THRB_HUMAN THRB_HUMAN] Thrombin, which cleaves bonds after Arg and Lys, converts fibrinogen to fibrin and activates factors V, VII, VIII, XIII, and, in complex with thrombomodulin, protein C. Functions in blood homeostasis, inflammation and wound healing.<ref>PMID:2856554</ref> 
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
  <jmolCheckbox>
    <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/nz/1nzq_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
    <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview03.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
    <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
  </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=1nzq ConSurf].
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Synthesis of thrombin inhibitors and their binding mode to thrombin is described. Modification of the P1 moiety leads to an increased selectivity versus trypsin. The observed selectivity is discussed in view of their thrombin-inhibitor complex X-ray structures.

D-Phe-Pro-Arg type thrombin inhibitors: unexpected selectivity by modification of the P1 moiety.,Lange UE, Baucke D, Hornberger W, Mack H, Seitz W, Hoffken HW Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2003 Jun 16;13(12):2029-33. PMID:12781189<ref>PMID:12781189</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 1nzq" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Thrombin 3D Structures|Thrombin 3D Structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Hirudo medicinalis]]
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Bauke D]]
[[Category: Hoeffken HW]]
[[Category: Hornberger W]]
[[Category: Lange UE]]
[[Category: Mack H]]
[[Category: Seitz W]]