View source for 1oiu


==Structure of human Thr160-phospho CDK2/cyclin A complexed with a 6-cyclohexylmethyloxy-2-anilino-purine inhibitor==
<StructureSection load='1oiu' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1oiu]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.00&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1oiu]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1OIU OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1OIU FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=MG:MAGNESIUM+ION'>MG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=N76:3-(6-CYCLOHEXYLMETHOXY-9H-PURIN-2-YLAMINO)-BENZENESULFONAMIDE'>N76</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SGM:MONOTHIOGLYCEROL'>SGM</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=TPO:PHOSPHOTHREONINE'>TPO</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1oiu FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1oiu OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1oiu PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1oiu RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1oiu PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1oiu ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CDK2_HUMAN CDK2_HUMAN] Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in the control of the cell cycle; essential for meiosis, but dispensable for mitosis. Phosphorylates CTNNB1, USP37, p53/TP53, NPM1, CDK7, RB1, BRCA2, MYC, NPAT, EZH2. Interacts with cyclins A, B1, B3, D, or E. Triggers duplication of centrosomes and DNA. Acts at the G1-S transition to promote the E2F transcriptional program and the initiation of DNA synthesis, and modulates G2 progression; controls the timing of entry into mitosis/meiosis by controlling the subsequent activation of cyclin B/CDK1 by phosphorylation, and coordinates the activation of cyclin B/CDK1 at the centrosome and in the nucleus. Crucial role in orchestrating a fine balance between cellular proliferation, cell death, and DNA repair in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Activity of CDK2 is maximal during S phase and G2; activated by interaction with cyclin E during the early stages of DNA synthesis to permit G1-S transition, and subsequently activated by cyclin A2 (cyclin A1 in germ cells) during the late stages of DNA replication to drive the transition from S phase to mitosis, the G2 phase. EZH2 phosphorylation promotes H3K27me3 maintenance and epigenetic gene silencing. Phosphorylates CABLES1 (By similarity). Cyclin E/CDK2 prevents oxidative stress-mediated Ras-induced senescence by phosphorylating MYC. Involved in G1-S phase DNA damage checkpoint that prevents cells with damaged DNA from initiating mitosis; regulates homologous recombination-dependent repair by phosphorylating BRCA2, this phosphorylation is low in S phase when recombination is active, but increases as cells progress towards mitosis. In response to DNA damage, double-strand break repair by homologous recombination a reduction of CDK2-mediated BRCA2 phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of RB1 disturbs its interaction with E2F1. NPM1 phosphorylation by cyclin E/CDK2 promotes its dissociates from unduplicated centrosomes, thus initiating centrosome duplication. Cyclin E/CDK2-mediated phosphorylation of NPAT at G1-S transition and until prophase stimulates the NPAT-mediated activation of histone gene transcription during S phase. Required for vitamin D-mediated growth inhibition by being itself inactivated. Involved in the nitric oxide- (NO) mediated signaling in a nitrosylation/activation-dependent manner. USP37 is activated by phosphorylation and thus triggers G1-S transition. CTNNB1 phosphorylation regulates insulin internalization.<ref>PMID:10499802</ref> <ref>PMID:11051553</ref> <ref>PMID:10995386</ref> <ref>PMID:10995387</ref> <ref>PMID:10884347</ref> <ref>PMID:11113184</ref> <ref>PMID:15800615</ref> <ref>PMID:18372919</ref> <ref>PMID:20147522</ref> <ref>PMID:20079829</ref> <ref>PMID:20935635</ref> <ref>PMID:20195506</ref> <ref>PMID:19966300</ref> <ref>PMID:21262353</ref> <ref>PMID:21596315</ref> <ref>PMID:21319273</ref> <ref>PMID:17495531</ref> 
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
  <jmolCheckbox>
    <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/oi/1oiu_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
    <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview03.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
    <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
  </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=1oiu ConSurf].
<div style="clear:both"></div>
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
The adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) competitive cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor O(6)-cyclohexylmethylguanine (NU2058, 1) has been employed as the lead in a structure-based drug discovery program resulting in the discovery of the potent CDK1 and -2 inhibitor NU6102 (3, IC(50) = 9.5 nM and 5.4 nM vs CDK1/cyclinB and CDK2/cyclinA3, respectively). The SAR for this series have been explored further by the synthesis and evaluation of 45 N(2)-substituted analogues of NU2058. These studies have confirmed the requirement for the hydrogen bonding N(2)-NH group and the requirement for an aromatic N(2)-substituent to confer potency in the series. Additional potency is conferred by the presence of a group capable of donating a hydrogen bond at the 4'-position, for example, the 4'-hydroxy derivative (25, IC(50) = 94 nM and 69 nM vs CDK1/cyclinB and CDK2/cyclinA3, respectively), 4'-monomethylsulfonamide derivative (28, IC(50) = 9 nM and 7.0 nM vs CDK1/cyclinB and CDK2/cyclinA3, respectively), and 4'-carboxamide derivative (34, IC(50) = 67 nM and 64 nM vs CDK1/cyclinB and CDK2/cyclinA3, respectively). X-ray crystal structures have been obtained for key compounds and have been used to explain the observed trends in activity.

N2-substituted O6-cyclohexylmethylguanine derivatives: potent inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases 1 and 2.,Hardcastle IR, Arris CE, Bentley J, Boyle FT, Chen Y, Curtin NJ, Endicott JA, Gibson AE, Golding BT, Griffin RJ, Jewsbury P, Menyerol J, Mesguiche V, Newell DR, Noble ME, Pratt DJ, Wang LZ, Whitfield HJ J Med Chem. 2004 Jul 15;47(15):3710-22. PMID:15239650<ref>PMID:15239650</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 1oiu" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Cyclin 3D structures|Cyclin 3D structures]]
*[[Cyclin-dependent kinase 3D structures|Cyclin-dependent kinase 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Endicott JA]]
[[Category: Noble MEM]]
[[Category: Pratt DJ]]