View source for 1pxn


==HUMAN CYCLIN DEPENDENT KINASE 2 COMPLEXED WITH THE INHIBITOR 4-[4-(4-Methyl-2-methylamino-thiazol-5-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamino]-phenol==
<StructureSection load='1pxn' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1pxn]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.50&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1pxn]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1PXN OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1PXN FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.5&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CK6:4-[4-(4-METHYL-2-METHYLAMINO-THIAZOL-5-YL)-PYRIMIDIN-2-YLAMINO]-PHENOL'>CK6</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1pxn FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1pxn OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1pxn PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1pxn RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1pxn PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1pxn ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CDK2_HUMAN CDK2_HUMAN] Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in the control of the cell cycle; essential for meiosis, but dispensable for mitosis. Phosphorylates CTNNB1, USP37, p53/TP53, NPM1, CDK7, RB1, BRCA2, MYC, NPAT, EZH2. Interacts with cyclins A, B1, B3, D, or E. Triggers duplication of centrosomes and DNA. Acts at the G1-S transition to promote the E2F transcriptional program and the initiation of DNA synthesis, and modulates G2 progression; controls the timing of entry into mitosis/meiosis by controlling the subsequent activation of cyclin B/CDK1 by phosphorylation, and coordinates the activation of cyclin B/CDK1 at the centrosome and in the nucleus. Crucial role in orchestrating a fine balance between cellular proliferation, cell death, and DNA repair in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Activity of CDK2 is maximal during S phase and G2; activated by interaction with cyclin E during the early stages of DNA synthesis to permit G1-S transition, and subsequently activated by cyclin A2 (cyclin A1 in germ cells) during the late stages of DNA replication to drive the transition from S phase to mitosis, the G2 phase. EZH2 phosphorylation promotes H3K27me3 maintenance and epigenetic gene silencing. Phosphorylates CABLES1 (By similarity). Cyclin E/CDK2 prevents oxidative stress-mediated Ras-induced senescence by phosphorylating MYC. Involved in G1-S phase DNA damage checkpoint that prevents cells with damaged DNA from initiating mitosis; regulates homologous recombination-dependent repair by phosphorylating BRCA2, this phosphorylation is low in S phase when recombination is active, but increases as cells progress towards mitosis. In response to DNA damage, double-strand break repair by homologous recombination a reduction of CDK2-mediated BRCA2 phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of RB1 disturbs its interaction with E2F1. NPM1 phosphorylation by cyclin E/CDK2 promotes its dissociates from unduplicated centrosomes, thus initiating centrosome duplication. Cyclin E/CDK2-mediated phosphorylation of NPAT at G1-S transition and until prophase stimulates the NPAT-mediated activation of histone gene transcription during S phase. Required for vitamin D-mediated growth inhibition by being itself inactivated. Involved in the nitric oxide- (NO) mediated signaling in a nitrosylation/activation-dependent manner. USP37 is activated by phosphorylation and thus triggers G1-S transition. CTNNB1 phosphorylation regulates insulin internalization.<ref>PMID:10499802</ref> <ref>PMID:11051553</ref> <ref>PMID:10995386</ref> <ref>PMID:10995387</ref> <ref>PMID:10884347</ref> <ref>PMID:11113184</ref> <ref>PMID:15800615</ref> <ref>PMID:18372919</ref> <ref>PMID:20147522</ref> <ref>PMID:20079829</ref> <ref>PMID:20935635</ref> <ref>PMID:20195506</ref> <ref>PMID:19966300</ref> <ref>PMID:21262353</ref> <ref>PMID:21596315</ref> <ref>PMID:21319273</ref> <ref>PMID:17495531</ref> 
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
  <jmolCheckbox>
    <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/px/1pxn_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
    <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
    <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
  </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=1pxn ConSurf].
<div style="clear:both"></div>
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Following the identification through virtual screening of 4-(2,4-dimethyl-thiazol-5-yl)pyrimidin-2-ylamines as moderately potent inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinase-2 (CDK2), a CDK inhibitor analogue program was initiated. The first aims were to optimize potency and to evaluate the cellular mode of action of lead candidate molecules. Here the synthetic chemistry, the structure-guided design approach, and the structure-activity relationships (SARs) that led to the discovery of 2-anilino-4-(thiazol-5-yl)pyrimidine ATP-antagonistic CDK2 inhibitors, many with very low nM K(i)s against CDK2, are reported. Furthermore, X-ray crystal structures of four representative analogues from our chemical series in complex with CDK2 are presented, and these structures are used to rationalize the observed biochemical SARs. Finally results are reported that show, using the most potent CDK2 inhibitor compound from the current series, that the observed antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects are consistent with cellular CDK2 and CDK9 inhibition.

2-Anilino-4-(thiazol-5-yl)pyrimidine CDK inhibitors: synthesis, SAR analysis, X-ray crystallography, and biological activity.,Wang S, Meades C, Wood G, Osnowski A, Anderson S, Yuill R, Thomas M, Mezna M, Jackson W, Midgley C, Griffiths G, Fleming I, Green S, McNae I, Wu SY, McInnes C, Zheleva D, Walkinshaw MD, Fischer PM J Med Chem. 2004 Mar 25;47(7):1662-75. PMID:15027857<ref>PMID:15027857</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 1pxn" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Cyclin-dependent kinase 3D structures|Cyclin-dependent kinase 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Anderson S]]
[[Category: Fischer PM]]
[[Category: Griffiths G]]
[[Category: Jackson W]]
[[Category: McInnes C]]
[[Category: McNae I]]
[[Category: Meades C]]
[[Category: Mezna M]]
[[Category: Midgley C]]
[[Category: Osnowski A]]
[[Category: Thomas M]]
[[Category: Walkinshaw MD]]
[[Category: Wang S]]
[[Category: Wood G]]
[[Category: Wu SY]]
[[Category: Yuill R]]
[[Category: Zheleva D]]