View source for 1yfr


==crystal structure of alanyl-tRNA synthetase in complex with ATP and magnesium==
<StructureSection load='1yfr' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1yfr]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.15&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1yfr]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquifex_aeolicus Aquifex aeolicus]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1YFR OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1YFR FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.15&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=ATP:ADENOSINE-5-TRIPHOSPHATE'>ATP</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MG:MAGNESIUM+ION'>MG</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1yfr FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1yfr OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1yfr PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1yfr RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1yfr PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1yfr ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SYA_AQUAE SYA_AQUAE] Catalyzes the attachment of alanine to tRNA(Ala) in a two-step reaction: alanine is first activated by ATP to form Ala-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Ala). Also edits incorrectly charged Ser-tRNA(Ala) and Gly-tRNA(Ala) via its editing domain (By similarity).[HAMAP-Rule:MF_00036]
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
  <jmolCheckbox>
    <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/yf/1yfr_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
    <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
    <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
  </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=1yfr ConSurf].
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
The genetic code is fixed in aminoacylation reactions catalyzed by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Amino acid discrimination occurs at two sites: one for amino acid activation and aminoacylation and one for editing misactivated amino acids. Although the active site sieves out bulkier amino acids, misactivation occurs with substrates whose side chains are smaller than the cognate one. Paradoxically, although alanyl-tRNA synthetase activates glycine as well as alanine, the sterically larger (than alanine) serine is also misactivated. Here, we report crystal structures of an active fragment of Aquifex aeolicus alanyl-tRNA synthetase complexed, separately, with Mg2+-ATP, alanine, glycine, and serine. Ala and Gly are bound in similar orientations in a side-chain-accommodating pocket, where alpha-amino and carboxyl groups are stabilized by salt bridges, and the carboxyl by an H-bond from the side chain NH2 of Asn-194. In contrast, whereas the same two salt bridges stabilize bound Ser, H-bonding of the highly conserved (among class II tRNA synthetases) Asn-194 side chain NH2 to the Ser OH, instead of to the carboxyl, forces pocket expansion. Significantly, in the Mg2+-ATP complex, Asn-194 coordinates a Mg2+-alpha-phosphate bridge. Thus, the sieve for Ser exclusion is broken because of selective pressure to retain Asn-194 for Mg2+-ATP and Ala binding.

Breaking sieve for steric exclusion of a noncognate amino acid from active site of a tRNA synthetase.,Swairjo MA, Schimmel PR Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Jan 25;102(4):988-93. Epub 2005 Jan 18. PMID:15657145<ref>PMID:15657145</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 1yfr" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase 3D structures|Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Aquifex aeolicus]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Schimmel PR]]
[[Category: Swairjo MA]]