View source for 1yjr


==Solution structure of the apo form of the sixth soluble domain A69P mutant of Menkes protein==
<StructureSection load='1yjr' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1yjr]]' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1yjr]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full experimental information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1YJR OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1YJR FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">Solution NMR</td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1yjr FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1yjr OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1yjr PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1yjr RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1yjr PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1yjr ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ATP7A_HUMAN ATP7A_HUMAN] Defects in ATP7A are the cause of Menkes disease (MNKD) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/309400 309400]; also known as kinky hair disease. MNKD is an X-linked recessive disorder of copper metabolism characterized by generalized copper deficiency. MNKD results in progressive neurodegeneration and connective-tissue disturbances: focal cerebral and cerebellar degeneration, early growth retardation, peculiar hair, hypopigmentation, cutis laxa, vascular complications and death in early childhood. The clinical features result from the dysfunction of several copper-dependent enzymes.<ref>PMID:10079817</ref> <ref>PMID:7977350</ref> <ref>PMID:8981948</ref> <ref>PMID:10401004</ref> <ref>PMID:10319589</ref> <ref>PMID:11241493</ref> <ref>PMID:11350187</ref> <ref>PMID:15981243</ref> <ref>PMID:22992316</ref>   Defects in ATP7A are the cause of occipital horn syndrome (OHS) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/304150 304150]; also known as X-linked cutis laxa. OHS is an X-linked recessive disorder of copper metabolism. Common features are unusual facial appearance, skeletal abnormalities, chronic diarrhea and genitourinary defects. The skeletal abnormalities included occipital horns, short, broad clavicles, deformed radii, ulnae and humeri, narrowing of the rib cage, undercalcified long bones with thin cortical walls and coxa valga.<ref>PMID:9246006</ref> <ref>PMID:17108763</ref>   Defects in ATP7A are a cause of distal spinal muscular atrophy X-linked type 3 (DSMAX3) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/300489 300489]. DSMAX3 is a neuromuscular disorder. Distal spinal muscular atrophy, also known as distal hereditary motor neuronopathy, represents a heterogeneous group of neuromuscular disorders caused by selective degeneration of motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord, without sensory deficit in the posterior horn. The overall clinical picture consists of a classical distal muscular atrophy syndrome in the legs without clinical sensory loss. The disease starts with weakness and wasting of distal muscles of the anterior tibial and peroneal compartments of the legs. Later on, weakness and atrophy may expand to the proximal muscles of the lower limbs and/or to the distal upper limbs.<ref>PMID:20170900</ref> 
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ATP7A_HUMAN ATP7A_HUMAN] May supply copper to copper-requiring proteins within the secretory pathway, when localized in the trans-Golgi network. Under conditions of elevated extracellular copper, it relocalized to the plasma membrane where it functions in the efflux of copper from cells.
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
  <jmolCheckbox>
    <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/yj/1yjr_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
    <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
    <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
  </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=1yjr ConSurf].
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Menkes disease is a fatal disease that can be induced by various mutations in the ATP7A gene, leading to unpaired uptake of dietary copper. The ATP7A gene encodes a copper(I)-translocating ATPase. Here the disease-causing A629P mutation, which occurs in the last of the six copper(I)-binding soluble domains of the ATPase (hereafter MNK6), was investigated. To understand why this apparently minor amino acid replacement is pathogenic, the solution structures and dynamics on various time-scales of wild-type and A629P-MNK6 were determined both in the apo- and copper(I)-loaded forms. The interaction in vitro with the physiological ATP7A copper(I)-donor (HAH1) was additionally studied. The A629P mutation makes the protein beta-sheet more solvent accessible, possibly resulting in an enhanced susceptibility of ATP7A to proteolytic cleavage and/or in reduced capability of copper(I)-translocation. A small reduction of the affinity for copper(I) is also observed. Both effects could concur to pathogenicity.

An atomic-level investigation of the disease-causing A629P mutant of the Menkes protein, ATP7A.,Banci L, Bertini I, Cantini F, Migliardi M, Rosato A, Wang S J Mol Biol. 2005 Sep 16;352(2):409-17. PMID:16083905<ref>PMID:16083905</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 1yjr" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[ATPase 3D structures|ATPase 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Banci L]]
[[Category: Bertini I]]
[[Category: Cantini F]]
[[Category: Migliardi M]]
[[Category: Rosato A]]
[[Category: Wang S]]