View source for 2hgx


==Crystal structure of Cys315Ala mutant of human mitochondrial branched chain aminotransferase==
<StructureSection load='2hgx' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2hgx]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.80&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2hgx]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2HGX OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2HGX FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=ACY:ACETIC+ACID'>ACY</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=EPE:4-(2-HYDROXYETHYL)-1-PIPERAZINE+ETHANESULFONIC+ACID'>EPE</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=PLP:PYRIDOXAL-5-PHOSPHATE'>PLP</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><div style='overflow: auto; max-height: 3em;'>[[1ekf|1ekf]], [[1ekp|1ekp]], [[1ekv|1ekv]], [[1kta|1kta]], [[1kt8|1kt8]], [[2a1h|2a1h]], [[2hdk|2hdk]], [[2hg8|2hg8]], [[2hgw|2hgw]], [[2hhf|2hhf]]</div></td></tr>
<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">BCAT2, BCATM, ECA40 ([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr>
<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branched-chain-amino-acid_transaminase Branched-chain-amino-acid transaminase], with EC number [https://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.6.1.42 2.6.1.42] </span></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2hgx FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2hgx OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2hgx PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2hgx RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2hgx PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2hgx ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/BCAT2_HUMAN BCAT2_HUMAN]] Catalyzes the first reaction in the catabolism of the essential branched chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine. May also function as a transporter of branched chain alpha-keto acids. 
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
  <jmolCheckbox>
    <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/hg/2hgx_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
    <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
    <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
  </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=2hgx ConSurf].
<div style="clear:both"></div>
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Mammalian branched chain aminotransferases (BCATs) have a unique CXXC center. Kinetic and structural studies of three CXXC center mutants (C315A, C318A, and C315A/C318A) of human mitochondrial (hBCATm) isozyme and the oxidized hBCATm enzyme (hBCATm-Ox) have been used to elucidate the role of this center in hBCATm catalysis. X-ray crystallography revealed that the CXXC motif, through its network of hydrogen bonds, plays a crucial role in orienting the substrate optimally for catalysis. In all structures, there were changes in the structure of the beta-turn preceding the CXXC motif when compared with wild type protein. The N-terminal loop between residues 15 and 32 is flexible in the oxidized and mutant enzymes, the disorder greater in the oxidized protein. Disordering of the N-terminal loop disrupts the integrity of the side chain binding pocket, particularly for the branched chain side chain, less so for the dicarboxylate substrate side chain. The kinetic studies of the mutant and oxidized enzymes support the structural analysis. The kinetic results showed that the predominant effect of oxidation was on the second half-reaction rather than the first half-reaction. The oxidized enzyme was completely inactive, whereas the mutants showed limited activity. Model building of the second half-reaction substrate alpha-ketoisocaproate in the pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate-hBCATm structure suggests that disruption of the CXXC center results in altered substrate orientation and deprotonation of the amino group of pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate, which inhibits catalysis.

Human mitochondrial branched chain aminotransferase isozyme: structural role of the CXXC center in catalysis.,Yennawar NH, Islam MM, Conway M, Wallin R, Hutson SM J Biol Chem. 2006 Dec 22;281(51):39660-71. Epub 2006 Oct 18. PMID:17050531<ref>PMID:17050531</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 2hgx" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Aminotransferase 3D structures|Aminotransferase 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Branched-chain-amino-acid transaminase]]
[[Category: Human]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Hutson, S M]]
[[Category: Yennawar, N H]]
[[Category: D-aminoacid aminotransferase-like plp-dependent enzyme]]
[[Category: Transferase]]