View source for 2hwr


==Structural basis for the structure-activity relationships of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor agonists==
<StructureSection load='2hwr' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2hwr]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.34&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2hwr]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2HWR OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2HWR FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.34&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=DRD:2-[(1-{3-[(6-BENZOYL-1-PROPYL-2-NAPHTHYL)OXY]PROPYL}-1H-INDOL-4-YL)OXY]-2-METHYLPROPANOIC+ACID'>DRD</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2hwr FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2hwr OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2hwr PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2hwr RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2hwr PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2hwr ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PPARG_HUMAN PPARG_HUMAN] Note=Defects in PPARG can lead to type 2 insulin-resistant diabetes and hyptertension. PPARG mutations may be associated with colon cancer.  Defects in PPARG may be associated with susceptibility to obesity (OBESITY) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/601665 601665]. It is a condition characterized by an increase of body weight beyond the limitation of skeletal and physical requirements, as the result of excessive accumulation of body fat.<ref>PMID:9753710</ref>   Defects in PPARG are the cause of familial partial lipodystrophy type 3 (FPLD3) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/604367 604367]. Familial partial lipodystrophies (FPLD) are a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders characterized by marked loss of subcutaneous (sc) fat from the extremities. Affected individuals show an increased preponderance of insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia.<ref>PMID:12453919</ref> <ref>PMID:11788685</ref>   Genetic variations in PPARG can be associated with susceptibility to glioma type 1 (GLM1) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/137800 137800]. Gliomas are central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells and comprise astrocytomas, glioblastoma multiforme, oligodendrogliomas, and ependymomas. Note=Polymorphic PPARG alleles have been found to be significantly over-represented among a cohort of American patients with sporadic glioblastoma multiforme suggesting a possible contribution to disease susceptibility.
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PPARG_HUMAN PPARG_HUMAN] Receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Once activated by a ligand, the receptor binds to a promoter element in the gene for acyl-CoA oxidase and activates its transcription. It therefore controls the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Key regulator of adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis. Acts as a critical regulator of gut homeostasis by suppressing NF-kappa-B-mediated proinflammatory responses.<ref>PMID:9065481</ref> <ref>PMID:16150867</ref> <ref>PMID:20829347</ref> 
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
  <jmolCheckbox>
    <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/hw/2hwr_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
    <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
    <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
  </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=2hwr ConSurf].
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Type 2 diabetes has rapidly reached an epidemic proportion becoming a major threat to global public health. PPAR agonists have emerged as a leading class of oral antidiabetic drugs. We report a structure biology analysis of novel indole-based PPAR agonists to explain the structure-activity relationships and present a critical analysis of reasons for change in selectivity with change in the orientation of the same scaffolds. The results would be helpful in designing novel PPAR agonists.

Structural basis for the structure-activity relationships of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists.,Mahindroo N, Peng YH, Lin CH, Tan UK, Prakash E, Lien TW, Lu IL, Lee HJ, Hsu JT, Chen X, Liao CC, Lyu PC, Chao YS, Wu SY, Hsieh HP J Med Chem. 2006 Oct 19;49(21):6421-4. PMID:17034149<ref>PMID:17034149</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 2hwr" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor 3D structures|Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Hsieh HP]]
[[Category: Lin CH]]
[[Category: Lu IL]]
[[Category: Mahindroo N]]
[[Category: Peng YH]]
[[Category: Wu SY]]