View source for 2i03


==Crystal structure of human dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP IV) with potent alkynyl cyanopyrrolidine (ABT-279)==
<StructureSection load='2i03' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2i03]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.40&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2i03]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2I03 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2I03 FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=AXD:2-[4-({2-[(2S,5R)-2-(AMINOMETHYL)-5-ETHYNYLPYRROLIDIN-1-YL]-2-OXOETHYL}AMINO)-4-METHYLPIPERIDIN-1-YL]ISONICOTINIC+ACID'>AXD</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><div style='overflow: auto; max-height: 3em;'>[[2g5p|2g5p]], [[2g5t|2g5t]], [[2g63|2g63]]</div></td></tr>
<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">DPP4, ADCP2, CD26 ([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr>
<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipeptidyl-peptidase_IV Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV], with EC number [https://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=3.4.14.5 3.4.14.5] </span></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2i03 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2i03 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2i03 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2i03 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2i03 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2i03 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/DPP4_HUMAN DPP4_HUMAN]] Cell surface glycoprotein receptor involved in the costimulatory signal essential for T-cell receptor (TCR)-mediated T-cell activation. Acts as a positive regulator of T-cell coactivation, by binding at least ADA, CAV1, IGF2R, and PTPRC. Its binding to CAV1 and CARD11 induces T-cell proliferation and NF-kappa-B activation in a T-cell receptor/CD3-dependent manner. Its interaction with ADA also regulates lymphocyte-epithelial cell adhesion. In association with FAP is involved in the pericellular proteolysis of the extracellular matrix (ECM), the migration and invasion of endothelial cells into the ECM. May be involved in the promotion of lymphatic endothelial cells adhesion, migration and tube formation. When overexpressed, enhanced cell proliferation, a process inhibited by GPC3. Acts also as a serine exopeptidase with a dipeptidyl peptidase activity that regulates various physiological processes by cleaving peptides in the circulation, including many chemokines, mitogenic growth factors, neuropeptides and peptide hormones. Removes N-terminal dipeptides sequentially from polypeptides having unsubstituted N-termini provided that the penultimate residue is proline.<ref>PMID:10951221</ref> <ref>PMID:17549790</ref> <ref>PMID:10570924</ref> <ref>PMID:10900005</ref> <ref>PMID:11772392</ref> <ref>PMID:14691230</ref> <ref>PMID:16651416</ref> <ref>PMID:17287217</ref> <ref>PMID:18708048</ref>  
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
  <jmolCheckbox>
    <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/i0/2i03_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
    <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
    <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
  </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=2i03 ConSurf].
<div style="clear:both"></div>
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors are poised to be the next major drug class for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Structure-activity studies of substitutions at the C5 position of the 2-cyanopyrrolidide warhead led to the discovery of potent inhibitors of DPP-IV that lack activity against DPP8 and DPP9. Further modification led to an extremely potent (Ki(DPP)(-)(IV) = 1.0 nM) and selective (Ki(DPP8) &gt; 30 microM; Ki(DPP9) &gt; 30 microM) clinical candidate, ABT-279, that is orally available, efficacious, and remarkably safe in preclinical safety studies.

Discovery of 2-[4-{{2-(2S,5R)-2-cyano-5-ethynyl-1-pyrrolidinyl]-2-oxoethyl]amino]- 4-methyl-1-piperidinyl]-4-pyridinecarboxylic acid (ABT-279): a very potent, selective, effective, and well-tolerated inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV, useful for the treatment of diabetes.,Madar DJ, Kopecka H, Pireh D, Yong H, Pei Z, Li X, Wiedeman PE, Djuric SW, Von Geldern TW, Fickes MG, Bhagavatula L, McDermott T, Wittenberger S, Richards SJ, Longenecker KL, Stewart KD, Lubben TH, Ballaron SJ, Stashko MA, Long MA, Wells H, Zinker BA, Mika AK, Beno DW, Kempf-Grote AJ, Polakowski J, Segreti J, Reinhart GA, Fryer RM, Sham HL, Trevillyan JM J Med Chem. 2006 Oct 19;49(21):6416-20. PMID:17034148<ref>PMID:17034148</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 2i03" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Dipeptidyl peptidase 3D structures|Dipeptidyl peptidase 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV]]
[[Category: Human]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Longenecker, K L]]
[[Category: Madar, D J]]
[[Category: Enzyme]]
[[Category: Hydrolase]]
[[Category: Serine peptidase]]