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==NMR structure of the catalytic domain of guanine nucleotide exchange factor BopE from Burkholderia pseudomallei==
<StructureSection load='2jok' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2jok]]' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2jok]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burkholderia_pseudomallei Burkholderia pseudomallei]. Full experimental information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2JOK OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2JOK FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">Solution NMR</td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2jok FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2jok OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2jok PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2jok RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2jok PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2jok ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/BOPE_BURPS BOPE_BURPS] Activator for both CDC42 and RAC1 by directly interacting with these Rho GTPases and acting as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). This activation results in actin cytoskeleton rearrangements and stimulates membrane ruffling, thus promoting bacterial entry into non-phagocytic cells.<ref>PMID:12410823</ref> <ref>PMID:12897019</ref> <ref>PMID:15289563</ref> 
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
  <jmolCheckbox>
    <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/jo/2jok_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
    <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
    <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
  </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=2jok ConSurf].
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
BopE is a type III secreted protein from Burkholderia pseudomallei, the aetiological agent of melioidosis, a severe emerging infection. BopE is a GEF (guanine-nucleotide-exchange factor) for the Rho GTPases Cdc42 (cell division cycle 42) and Rac1. We have determined the structure of BopE catalytic domain (amino acids 78-261) by NMR spectroscopy and it shows that BopE(78-261) comprises two three-helix bundles (alpha1alpha4alpha5 and alpha2alpha3alpha6). This fold is similar to that adopted by the BopE homologues SopE and SopE2, which are GEFs from Salmonella. Whereas the two three-helix bundles of SopE(78-240) and SopE2(69-240) form the arms of a 'Lambda' shape, BopE(78-261) adopts a more closed conformation with substantial interactions between the two three-helix bundles. We propose that arginine and proline residues are important in the conformational differences between BopE and SopE/E2. Analysis of the molecular interface in the SopE(78-240)-Cdc42 complex crystal structure indicates that, in a BopE-Cdc42 interaction, the closed conformation of BopE(78-261) would engender steric clashes with the Cdc42 switch regions. This implies that BopE(78-261) must undergo a closed-to-open conformational change in order to catalyse guanine nucleotide exchange. In an NMR titration to investigate the BopE(78-261)-Cdc42 interaction, the appearance of additional peaks per NH for residues in hinge regions of BopE(78-261) indicates that BopE(78-261) does undergo a closed-to-open conformational change in the presence of Cdc42. The conformational change hypothesis is further supported by substantial improvement of BopE(78-261) catalytic efficiency through mutations that favour an open conformation. Requirement for closed-to-open conformational change explains the 10-40-fold lower k(cat) of BopE compared with SopE and SopE2.

The guanine-nucleotide-exchange factor BopE from Burkholderia pseudomallei adopts a compact version of the Salmonella SopE/SopE2 fold and undergoes a closed-to-open conformational change upon interaction with Cdc42.,Upadhyay A, Wu HL, Williams C, Field T, Galyov EE, van den Elsen JM, Bagby S Biochem J. 2008 May 1;411(3):485-93. PMID:18052936<ref>PMID:18052936</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Burkholderia pseudomallei]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Bagby S]]
[[Category: Galyov EE]]
[[Category: Upadhyay A]]
[[Category: Williams C]]
[[Category: Wu H]]
[[Category: Van den Elsen JMH]]