View source for 2lcx


==Spatial Structure of the ErbB4 dimeric TM domain==
<StructureSection load='2lcx' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2lcx]]' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2lcx]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full experimental information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2LCX OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2LCX FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">Solution NMR</td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2lcx FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2lcx OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2lcx PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2lcx RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2lcx PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2lcx ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ERBB4_HUMAN ERBB4_HUMAN] Tyrosine-protein kinase that plays an essential role as cell surface receptor for neuregulins and EGF family members and regulates development of the heart, the central nervous system and the mammary gland, gene transcription, cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis. Required for normal cardiac muscle differentiation during embryonic development, and for postnatal cardiomyocyte proliferation. Required for normal development of the embryonic central nervous system, especially for normal neural crest cell migration and normal axon guidance. Required for mammary gland differentiation, induction of milk proteins and lactation. Acts as cell-surface receptor for the neuregulins NRG1, NRG2, NRG3 and NRG4 and the EGF family members BTC, EREG and HBEGF. Ligand binding triggers receptor dimerization and autophosphorylation at specific tyrosine residues that then serve as binding sites for scaffold proteins and effectors. Ligand specificity and signaling is modulated by alternative splicing, proteolytic processing, and by the formation of heterodimers with other ERBB family members, thereby creating multiple combinations of intracellular phosphotyrosines that trigger ligand- and context-specific cellular responses. Mediates phosphorylation of SHC1 and activation of the MAP kinases MAPK1/ERK2 and MAPK3/ERK1. Isoform JM-A CYT-1 and isoform JM-B CYT-1 phosphorylate PIK3R1, leading to the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and AKT1 and protect cells against apoptosis. Isoform JM-A CYT-1 and isoform JM-B CYT-1 mediate reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and promote cell migration in response to NRG1. Isoform JM-A CYT-2 and isoform JM-B CYT-2 lack the phosphotyrosine that mediates interaction with PIK3R1, and hence do not phosphorylate PIK3R1, do not protect cells against apoptosis, and do not promote reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and cell migration. Proteolytic processing of isoform JM-A CYT-1 and isoform JM-A CYT-2 gives rise to the corresponding soluble intracellular domains (4ICD) that translocate to the nucleus, promote nuclear import of STAT5A, activation of STAT5A, mammary epithelium differentiation, cell proliferation and activation of gene expression. The ERBB4 soluble intracellular domains (4ICD) colocalize with STAT5A at the CSN2 promoter to regulate transcription of milk proteins during lactation. The ERBB4 soluble intracellular domains can also translocate to mitochondria and promote apoptosis.<ref>PMID:8383326</ref> <ref>PMID:9334263</ref> <ref>PMID:8617750</ref> <ref>PMID:9135143</ref> <ref>PMID:9168115</ref> <ref>PMID:10358079</ref> <ref>PMID:10353604</ref> <ref>PMID:10348342</ref> <ref>PMID:10722704</ref> <ref>PMID:10867024</ref> <ref>PMID:11178955</ref> <ref>PMID:11390655</ref> <ref>PMID:12807903</ref> <ref>PMID:15534001</ref> <ref>PMID:15746097</ref> <ref>PMID:16778220</ref> <ref>PMID:16251361</ref> <ref>PMID:16837552</ref> <ref>PMID:17120616</ref> <ref>PMID:17638867</ref> <ref>PMID:17486069</ref> <ref>PMID:19098003</ref> <ref>PMID:20858735</ref> <ref>PMID:21811097</ref> 
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Specific helix-helix interactions between the single-span transmembrane (TM) domains of receptor tyrosine kinases are believed to be important for their lateral dimerization and signal transduction. Establishing structure-function relationships requires precise structural-dynamic information about this class of biologically significant bitopic membrane proteins. ErbB4 is a ubiquitously expressed member of the HER/ErbB family of growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases that is essential for the normal development of various adult and fetal human tissues and plays a role in the pathobiology of the organism. The dimerization of the ErbB4 transmembrane domain in membrane-mimicking lipid bicelles was investigated by solution NMR. In a bicellar DMPC/DHPC environment, the ErbB4 membrane-spanning alpha-helices (651-678)(2) form a right-handed parallel dimer through the N-terminal double GG4-like motif A(655)GxxGG(660) in a fashion that is believed to permit proper kinase domain activation. During helix association, the dimer subunits undergo a structural adjustment (slight bending) with the formation of a network of inter-monomeric polar contacts. The quantitative analysis of the observed monomer-dimer equilibrium provides insights into the kinetics and thermodynamics of the folding process of the helical TM domain in the model environment that may be directly relevant to the process that occurs in biological membranes. The lipid bicelles occupied by a single ErbB4 TM domain behave as a true ("ideal") solvent for the peptide, while multiply occupied bicelles are more similar to the ordered lipid microdomains of cellular membranes and appear to provide substantial entropic enhancement of the weak helix-helix interactions, which may be critical for membrane protein activity.

Structural and thermodynamic insight into the process of "weak" dimerization of the ErbB4 transmembrane domain by solution NMR.,Bocharov EV, Mineev KS, Goncharuk MV, Arseniev AS Biochim Biophys Acta. 2012 May 8. PMID:22579757<ref>PMID:22579757</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 2lcx" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Arseniev AS]]
[[Category: Bocharov EV]]
[[Category: Mineev KS]]