View source for 2mbo


==K11-linked Diubiquitin average solution structure at pH 6.8, 0 mM NaCl==
<StructureSection load='2mbo' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2mbo]]' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2mbo]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full experimental information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2MBO OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2MBO FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">Solution NMR</td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2mbo FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2mbo OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2mbo PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2mbo RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2mbo PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2mbo ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/UBC_HUMAN UBC_HUMAN] Ubiquitin exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be involved in DNA repair; Lys-11-linked is involved in ERAD (endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation) and in cell-cycle regulation; Lys-29-linked is involved in lysosomal degradation; Lys-33-linked is involved in kinase modification; Lys-48-linked is involved in protein degradation via the proteasome; Lys-63-linked is involved in endocytosis, DNA-damage responses as well as in signaling processes leading to activation of the transcription factor NF-kappa-B. Linear polymer chains formed via attachment by the initiator Met lead to cell signaling. Ubiquitin is usually conjugated to Lys residues of target proteins, however, in rare cases, conjugation to Cys or Ser residues has been observed. When polyubiquitin is free (unanchored-polyubiquitin), it also has distinct roles, such as in activation of protein kinases, and in signaling.<ref>PMID:16543144</ref> <ref>PMID:19754430</ref> 
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
K11-linked polyubiquitin chains play important signaling and regulatory roles in both degradative and nonproteolytic pathways in eukaryotes. To understand the structural basis of how these chains are recognized and distinguished from other polyubiquitins, we determined solution structures of K11-linked diubiquitin (K11-Ub2) in the absence and presence of salt. These structures reveal that K11-Ub2 adopts conformations distinct from those of K48-linked or K63-linked chains. Importantly, our solution NMR and SANS data are inconsistent with published crystal structures of K11-Ub2. We found that increasing salt concentration compacts K11-Ub2 and strengthens interactions between the two Ub units. Binding studies indicate that K11-Ub2 interacts with ubiquitin-receptor proteins from both proteasomal and nonproteasomal pathways but with intermediate affinity and different binding modes than either K48-linked or K63-linked diubiquitin. Our data support the hypothesis that polyubiquitin chains of different linkages possess unique conformational and dynamical properties, allowing them to be recognized differently by downstream receptor proteins.

Unique structural, dynamical, and functional properties of k11-linked polyubiquitin chains.,Castaneda CA, Kashyap TR, Nakasone MA, Krueger S, Fushman D Structure. 2013 Jul 2;21(7):1168-81. doi: 10.1016/j.str.2013.04.029. PMID:23823328<ref>PMID:23823328</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 2mbo" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[3D structures of ubiquitin|3D structures of ubiquitin]]
== References ==
<references/>
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</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Castaneda CA]]
[[Category: Fushman D]]