View source for 2n5j


==Regnase-1 N-terminal domain==
<StructureSection load='2n5j' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2n5j]]' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2n5j]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus_musculus Mus musculus]. Full experimental information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2N5J OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2N5J FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2n5j FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2n5j OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2n5j PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2n5j RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2n5j PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2n5j ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ZC12A_MOUSE ZC12A_MOUSE] Increased expression of ZC3H12A is associated with ischemic heart disease (PubMed:16574901).<ref>PMID:16574901</ref> 
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ZC12A_MOUSE ZC12A_MOUSE] Bifunctional enzyme with both endoribonuclease and deubiquitinase activities involved in various biological functions such as cellular inflammatory response and immune homeostasis, glial differentiation of neuroprogenitor cells, cell death of cardiomyocytes, adipogenesis and angiogenesis. Functions as an endoribonuclease involved in mRNA decay (PubMed:26000482). Modulates the inflammatory response by promoting the degradation of a set of translationally active cytokine-induced inflammation-related mRNAs, such as IL6 and IL12B, during the early phase of inflammation (PubMed:19322177, PubMed:21115689, PubMed:23185455, PubMed:26000482). Prevents aberrant T-cell-mediated immune reaction by degradation of multiple mRNAs controlling T-cell activation, such as those encoding cytokines (IL6 and IL2), cell surface receptors (ICOS, TNFRSF4 and TNFR2) and transcription factor (REL) (PubMed:23706741). Self regulates by destabilizing its own mRNA (PubMed:22037600). Cleaves mRNA harboring a stem-loop (SL), often located in their 3'-UTRs, during the early phase of inflammation in a helicase UPF1-dependent manner (PubMed:19322177, PubMed:23185455, PubMed:23706741, PubMed:26000482, PubMed:26134560). Plays a role in the inhibition of microRNAs (miRNAs) biogenesis (By similarity). Cleaves the terminal loop of a set of precursor miRNAs (pre-miRNAs) important for the regulation of the inflammatory response leading to their degradation, and thus preventing the biosynthesis of mature miRNAs (By similarity). Plays also a role in promoting angiogenesis in response to inflammatory cytokines by inhibiting the production of antiangiogenic microRNAs via its anti-dicer RNase activity (By similarity). Functions as a deubiquitinase that affects the overall ubiquitination of cellular proteins (PubMed:21115689). Possesses deubiquitinase activity that specifically cleaves 'Lys-48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains on TNF receptor-associated factors (TRAFs), preventing JNK and NF-kappa-B signaling pathway activation, and hence negatively regulates macrophage-mediated inflammatory response and immune homeostasis (PubMed:21115689). Deubiquitinates also the transcription factor HIF1A, probably leading to its stabilization and nuclear import, thereby positively regulating the expression of proangiogenic HIF1A-targeted genes (By similarity). Prevents stress granules (SGs) formation and promotes macrophage apoptosis under stress conditions, including arsenite-induced oxidative stress, heat shock, and energy deprivation, which may be dependent on its deubiquitinase activity (PubMed:21971051). Plays a role in the regulation of macrophage polarization; promotes IL4-induced polarization of macrophages M1 into anti-inflammatory M2 state, depending on both endoribonuclease and deubiquitinase activities (PubMed:25934862). May also act as a transcription factor that regulates the expression of multiple genes involved in inflammatory response, angiogenesis, adipogenesis and apoptosis (PubMed:18178554, PubMed:19666473, PubMed:22739135). Functions as a positive regulator of glial differentiation of neuroprogenitor cells through an amyloid precursor protein (APP)-dependent signaling pathway (By similarity). Attenuates septic myocardial contractile dysfunction in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by reducing I-kappa-B-kinase (IKK)-mediated NF-kappa-B activation, and hence myocardial proinflammatory cytokine production (PubMed:21616078).[UniProtKB:Q5D1E8]<ref>PMID:18178554</ref> <ref>PMID:19322177</ref> <ref>PMID:19666473</ref> <ref>PMID:21115689</ref> <ref>PMID:21616078</ref> <ref>PMID:21971051</ref> <ref>PMID:22037600</ref> <ref>PMID:22739135</ref> <ref>PMID:23185455</ref> <ref>PMID:23706741</ref> <ref>PMID:25934862</ref> <ref>PMID:26000482</ref> <ref>PMID:26134560</ref> 
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Regnase-1 is an RNase that directly cleaves mRNAs of inflammatory genes such as IL-6 and IL-12p40, and negatively regulates cellular inflammatory responses. Here, we report the structures of four domains of Regnase-1 from Mus musculus-the N-terminal domain (NTD), PilT N-terminus like (PIN) domain, zinc finger (ZF) domain and C-terminal domain (CTD). The PIN domain harbors the RNase catalytic center; however, it is insufficient for enzymatic activity. We found that the NTD associates with the PIN domain and significantly enhances its RNase activity. The PIN domain forms a head-to-tail oligomer and the dimer interface overlaps with the NTD binding site. Interestingly, mutations blocking PIN oligomerization had no RNase activity, indicating that both oligomerization and NTD binding are crucial for RNase activity in vitro. These results suggest that Regnase-1 RNase activity is tightly controlled by both intramolecular (NTD-PIN) and intermolecular (PIN-PIN) interactions.

Structural basis for the regulation of enzymatic activity of Regnase-1 by domain-domain interactions.,Yokogawa M, Tsushima T, Noda NN, Kumeta H, Enokizono Y, Yamashita K, Standley DM, Takeuchi O, Akira S, Inagaki F Sci Rep. 2016 Mar 1;6:22324. doi: 10.1038/srep22324. PMID:26927947<ref>PMID:26927947</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 2n5j" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Mus musculus]]
[[Category: Adachi W]]
[[Category: Akira S]]
[[Category: Enokizono Y]]
[[Category: Inagaki F]]
[[Category: Kumeta H]]
[[Category: Noda NN]]
[[Category: Standley DM]]
[[Category: Takeuchi O]]
[[Category: Tsushima T]]
[[Category: Yamashita K]]
[[Category: Yokogawa M]]