View source for 2nvd


==Human Aldose Reductase complexed with novel naphtho[1,2-d]isothiazole acetic acid derivative (2)==
<StructureSection load='2nvd' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2nvd]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.55&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2nvd]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2NVD OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2NVD FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.55&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=ITB:2-(CARBOXYMETHYL)-1-OXO-1,2-DIHYDRONAPHTHO[1,2-D]ISOTHIAZOLE-4-CARBOXYLIC+ACID+3,3-DIOXIDE'>ITB</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NAP:NADP+NICOTINAMIDE-ADENINE-DINUCLEOTIDE+PHOSPHATE'>NAP</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2nvd FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2nvd OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2nvd PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2nvd RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2nvd PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2nvd ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ALDR_HUMAN ALDR_HUMAN] Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of a wide variety of carbonyl-containing compounds to their corresponding alcohols with a broad range of catalytic efficiencies.
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
  <jmolCheckbox>
    <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/nv/2nvd_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
    <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
    <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
  </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=2nvd ConSurf].
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Human aldose reductase (ALR2) has evolved as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetic long-term complications. The binding site of this enzyme possesses two main subpockets: the catalytic anion-binding site and the hydrophobic specificity pocket. The latter can be observed in the open or closed state, depending on the bound ligand. Thus, it exhibits a pronounced capability for induced-fit adaptations, whereas the catalytic pocket exhibits rigid properties throughout all known crystal structures. Here, we determined two ALR2 crystal structures at 1.55 and 1.65 A resolution, each complexed with an inhibitor of the recently described naphtho[1,2-d]isothiazole acetic acid series. In contrast to the original design hypothesis based on the binding mode of tolrestat (1), both inhibitors leave the specificity pocket in the closed state. Unexpectedly, the more potent ligand (2) extends the catalytic pocket by opening a novel subpocket. Access to this novel subpocket is mainly attributed to the rotation of an indole moiety of Trp 20 by about 35 degrees . The newly formed subpocket provides accommodation of the naphthyl portion of the ligand. The second inhibitor, 3, differs from 2 only by an extended glycolic ester functionality added to one of its carboxylic groups. However, despite this slight structural modification, the binding mode of 3 differs dramatically from that of the first inhibitor, but provokes less pronounced induced-fit adaptations of the binding cavity. Thus, a novel binding site conformation has been identified in a region where previous complex structures suggested only low adaptability of the binding pocket. Furthermore, the two ligand complexes represent an impressive example of how the slight change of a chemically extended side-chain at a given ligand scaffold can result in a dramatically altered binding mode. In addition, our study emphasizes the importance of crystal structure analysis for the translation of affinity data into structure-activity relationships.

Evidence for a novel binding site conformer of aldose reductase in ligand-bound state.,Steuber H, Zentgraf M, La Motta C, Sartini S, Heine A, Klebe G J Mol Biol. 2007 May 25;369(1):186-97. Epub 2007 Mar 15. PMID:17418233<ref>PMID:17418233</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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==See Also==
*[[Aldose reductase 3D structures|Aldose reductase 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Heine A]]
[[Category: Klebe G]]
[[Category: Steuber H]]