View source for 3atw


==Structure-Based Design, Synthesis, Evaluation of Peptide-mimetic SARS 3CL Protease Inhibitors==
<StructureSection load='3atw' size='340' side='right'caption='[[3atw]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.36&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3atw]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome-related_coronavirus Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3ATW OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3ATW FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.36&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=ACE:ACETYL+GROUP'>ACE</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ALC:2-AMINO-3-CYCLOHEXYL-PROPIONIC+ACID'>ALC</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=HSV:L-HISTIDINAL'>HSV</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3atw FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3atw OCA], [https://pdbe.org/3atw PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3atw RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3atw PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3atw ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/R1A_SARS R1A_SARS] Multifunctional protein involved in the transcription and replication of viral RNAs. Contains the proteinases responsible for the cleavages of the polyprotein.  Inhibits host translation by interacting with the 40S ribosomal subunit. The nsp1-40S ribosome complex further induces an endonucleolytic cleavage near the 5'UTR of host mRNAs, targeting them for degradation. Viral mRNAs are not susceptible to nsp1-mediated endonucleolytic RNA cleavage thanks to the presence of a 5'-end leader sequence and are therefore protected from degradation. By suppressing host gene expression, nsp1 facilitates efficient viral gene expression in infected cells and evasion from host immune response (PubMed:23035226). May disrupt nuclear pore function by binding and displacing host NUP93 (PubMed:30943371).<ref>PMID:23035226</ref> <ref>PMID:30943371</ref>   May play a role in the modulation of host cell survival signaling pathway by interacting with host PHB and PHB2. Indeed, these two proteins play a role in maintaining the functional integrity of the mitochondria and protecting cells from various stresses.<ref>PMID:19640993</ref>   Responsible for the cleavages located at the N-terminus of the replicase polyprotein. In addition, PL-PRO possesses a deubiquitinating/deISGylating activity and processes both 'Lys-48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains from cellular substrates (PubMed:17692280). Plays a role in host membrane rearrangement that leads to creation of cytoplasmic double-membrane vesicles (DMV) necessary for viral replication. Nsp3, nsp4 and nsp6 together are sufficient to form DMV (PubMed:24410069). Antagonizes innate immune induction of type I interferon by blocking the phosphorylation, dimerization and subsequent nuclear translocation of host IRF3 (PubMed:19369340, PubMed:24622840). Prevents also host NF-kappa-B signaling.<ref>PMID:16271890</ref> <ref>PMID:17692280</ref> <ref>PMID:19369340</ref> <ref>PMID:24622840</ref> <ref>PMID:24410069</ref>   Plays a role in host membrane rearrangement that leads to creation of cytoplasmic double-membrane vesicles (DMV) necessary for viral replication. Alone appears incapable to induce membrane curvature, but together with nsp3 is able to induce paired membranes. Nsp3, nsp4 and nsp6 together are sufficient to form DMV.<ref>PMID:23943763</ref> <ref>PMID:24410069</ref>   Cleaves the C-terminus of replicase polyprotein at 11 sites. Recognizes substrates containing the core sequence [ILMVF]-Q-|-[SGACN]. Also able to bind an ADP-ribose-1''-phosphate (ADRP). May cleave host ATP6V1G1 thereby modifying host vacuoles intracellular pH.[PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00772]<ref>PMID:16226257</ref>   Plays a role in host membrane rearrangement that leads to creation of cytoplasmic double-membrane vesicles (DMV) necessary for viral replication. Nsp3, nsp4 and nsp6 together are sufficient to form DMV (PubMed:24410069). Plays a role in the initial induction of autophagosomes from host reticulum endoplasmic. Later, limits the expansion of these phagosomes that are no longer able to deliver viral components to lysosomes (PubMed:24991833).<ref>PMID:24991833</ref> <ref>PMID:24410069</ref>   Forms a hexadecamer with nsp8 (8 subunits of each) that may participate in viral replication by acting as a primase. Alternatively, may synthesize substantially longer products than oligonucleotide primers.<ref>PMID:22039154</ref>   Forms a hexadecamer with nsp7 (8 subunits of each) that may participate in viral replication by acting as a primase. Alternatively, may synthesize substantially longer products than oligonucleotide primers.<ref>PMID:22039154</ref>   May participate in viral replication by acting as a ssRNA-binding protein.<ref>PMID:19153232</ref>   Plays a pivotal role in viral transcription by stimulating both nsp14 3'-5' exoribonuclease and nsp16 2'-O-methyltransferase activities. Therefore plays an essential role in viral mRNAs cap methylation.<ref>PMID:22635272</ref> 
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
The design and evaluation of low molecular weight peptide-based severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) chymotrypsin-like protease (3CL) protease inhibitors are described. A substrate-based peptide aldehyde was selected as a starting compound, and optimum side-chain structures were determined, based on a comparison of inhibitory activities with Michael type inhibitors. For the efficient screening of peptide aldehydes containing a specific C-terminal residue, a new approach employing thioacetal to aldehyde conversion mediated by N-bromosuccinimide was devised. Structural optimization was carried out based on X-ray crystallographic analyses of the R188I SARS 3CL protease in a complex with each inhibitor to provide a tetrapeptide aldehyde with an IC(50) value of 98 nM. The resulting compound carried no substrate sequence, except for a P(3) site directed toward the outside of the protease. X-ray crystallography provided insights into the protein-ligand interactions.

Structure-Based Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Peptide-Mimetic SARS 3CL Protease Inhibitors.,Akaji K, Konno H, Mitsui H, Teruya K, Shimamoto Y, Hattori Y, Ozaki T, Kusunoki M, Sanjoh A J Med Chem. 2011 Dec 8;54(23):7962-73. Epub 2011 Nov 9. PMID:22014094<ref>PMID:22014094</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 3atw" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Virus protease 3D structures|Virus protease 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus]]
[[Category: Akaji K]]
[[Category: Hattori Y]]
[[Category: Konno H]]
[[Category: Kusunoki M]]
[[Category: Mitsui H]]
[[Category: Ozaki T]]
[[Category: Sanjho A]]
[[Category: Teruya K]]