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==The U4 antibody epitope on human papillomavirus 16 identified by cryo-EM==
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== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3jba]] is a 8 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_papillomavirus_type_16 Human papillomavirus type 16] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus_musculus Mus musculus]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3JBA OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3JBA FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">Electron Microscopy, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 12&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3jba FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3jba OCA], [https://pdbe.org/3jba PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3jba RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3jba PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3jba ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
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== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/VL1_HPV16 VL1_HPV16] Forms an icosahedral capsid with a T=7 symmetry and a 50 nm diameter. The capsid is composed of 72 pentamers linked to each other by disulfide bonds and associated with L2 proteins. Binds to heparan sulfate proteoglycans on cell surface of basal layer keratinocytes to provide initial virion attachment. This binding mediates a conformational change in the virus capsid that facilitates efficient infection. The virion enters the host cell via endocytosis. During virus trafficking, L1 protein dissociates from the viral DNA and the genomic DNA is released to the host nucleus. The virion assembly takes place within the cell nucleus. Encapsulates the genomic DNA together with protein L2.[HAMAP-Rule:MF_04002]<ref>PMID:12610160</ref> <ref>PMID:26289843</ref> <ref>PMID:8553535</ref> 
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
The human papillovavirus (HPV) major structure protein L1 composes capsomers that are linked together through interactions mediated by the L1 C-terminus to constitute a T=7 icosahedral capsid. H16.U4 is a type-specific monoclonal antibody recognizing a conformational-dependent neutralizing epitope of HPV thought to include the L1 protein C-terminus. The structure of HPV16 complexed with H16.U4 fragments of antibody (Fab) was solved by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) image reconstruction. Atomic structures of virus and Fab were fitted into the corresponding cryo-EM densities to identify the antigenic epitope. The antibody footprint mapped predominately to the L1 C-terminal arm with an additional contact point on the side of the capsomer. This footprint describes an epitope that is presented capsid-wide. However, although the H16.U4 epitope suggests the presence of 360 potential binding sites exposed in the capsid valley between each capsomer, H16.U4 Fab only bound to epitopes located around the icosahedral five-fold vertex of the capsid. Thus the binding characteristics of H16.U4 defined in this study showed a distinctive selectivity for local conformation-dependent interactions with specific L1 invading arms between five-fold related capsomers. IMPORTANCE: Human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) is the most prevalent oncogenic genotype in HPV-associated anogenital and oral cancers. Here we use cryo-EM reconstruction techniques to solve the structures of the HPV16 capsid complexes using H16.U4 fragment of antibody (Fab). Different from most other antibodies directed against surface loops, H16.U4 monoclonal antibody is unique in targeting the C-terminal arm of the L1 protein. This Mab is used throughout the HPV research community in HPV serological and vaccine development and to define mechanisms of HPV uptake. The unique binding mode of H16.U4 defined here shows important conformation-dependent interactions within the HPV16 capsid. By targeting an important structural and conformational epitope, H16.U4 may identify subtle conformational changes in different maturation stages of the HPV capsid and provide a key probe to analyze the mechanisms of HPV uptake during the early stages of virus infection. Our analyses precisely define important conformational epitopes on HPV16 capsids that are key targets for successful HPV prophylactic vaccines.

The U4 antibody epitope on human papillomavirus 16 identified by cryo-EM.,Guan J, Bywaters SM, Brendle SA, Lee H, Ashley RE, Christensen ND, Hafenstein S J Virol. 2015 Sep 23. pii: JVI.02020-15. PMID:26401038<ref>PMID:26401038</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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==See Also==
*[[Virus coat proteins 3D structures|Virus coat proteins 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
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[[Category: Human papillomavirus type 16]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Mus musculus]]
[[Category: Ashley RE]]
[[Category: Brendle SA]]
[[Category: Bywaters SM]]
[[Category: Christensen ND]]
[[Category: Guan J]]
[[Category: Hafenstein S]]
[[Category: Lee H]]