View source for 3krl


==cFMS Tyrosine kinase in complex with 5-Cyano-furan-2-carboxylic acid [4-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-2-piperidin-1-yl-phenyl]-amide==
<StructureSection load='3krl' size='340' side='right'caption='[[3krl]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.40&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3krl]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3KRL OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3KRL FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.4&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=KRL:5-CYANO-N-[4-(4-METHYLPIPERAZIN-1-YL)-2-PIPERIDIN-1-YLPHENYL]FURAN-2-CARBOXAMIDE'>KRL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SO4:SULFATE+ION'>SO4</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3krl FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3krl OCA], [https://pdbe.org/3krl PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3krl RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3krl PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3krl ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CSF1R_HUMAN CSF1R_HUMAN] Note=Aberrant expression of CSF1 or CSF1R can promote cancer cell proliferation, invasion and formation of metastases. Overexpression of CSF1 or CSF1R is observed in a significant percentage of breast, ovarian, prostate, and endometrial cancers.<ref>PMID:15117969</ref> <ref>PMID:16648572</ref> <ref>PMID:17121910</ref> <ref>PMID:18814279</ref> <ref>PMID:19934330</ref> <ref>PMID:16337366</ref>   Note=Aberrant expression of CSF1 or CSF1R may play a role in inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, glomerulonephritis, atherosclerosis, and allograft rejection.<ref>PMID:15117969</ref> <ref>PMID:16648572</ref> <ref>PMID:17121910</ref> <ref>PMID:18814279</ref> <ref>PMID:19934330</ref> <ref>PMID:16337366</ref>   Defects in CSF1R are the cause of leukoencephalopathy, diffuse hereditary, with spheroids (HDLS) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/221820 221820]. An autosomal dominant adult-onset rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by variable behavioral, cognitive, and motor changes. Patients often die of dementia within 6 years of onset. Brain imaging shows patchy abnormalities in the cerebral white matter, predominantly affecting the frontal and parietal lobes.<ref>PMID:15117969</ref> <ref>PMID:16648572</ref> <ref>PMID:17121910</ref> <ref>PMID:18814279</ref> <ref>PMID:19934330</ref> <ref>PMID:16337366</ref> <ref>PMID:22197934</ref> [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/FGFR1_HUMAN FGFR1_HUMAN] Defects in FGFR1 are a cause of Pfeiffer syndrome (PS) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/101600 101600]; also known as acrocephalosyndactyly type V (ACS5). PS is characterized by craniosynostosis (premature fusion of the skull sutures) with deviation and enlargement of the thumbs and great toes, brachymesophalangy, with phalangeal ankylosis and a varying degree of soft tissue syndactyly.<ref>PMID:20139426</ref> <ref>PMID:7874169</ref>   Defects in FGFR1 are the cause of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 2 with or without anosmia (HH2) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/147950 147950]. A disorder characterized by absent or incomplete sexual maturation by the age of 18 years, in conjunction with low levels of circulating gonadotropins and testosterone and no other abnormalities of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. In some cases, it is associated with non-reproductive phenotypes, such as anosmia, cleft palate, and sensorineural hearing loss. Anosmia or hyposmia is related to the absence or hypoplasia of the olfactory bulbs and tracts. Hypogonadism is due to deficiency in gonadotropin-releasing hormone and probably results from a failure of embryonic migration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone-synthesizing neurons. In the presence of anosmia, idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is referred to as Kallmann syndrome, whereas in the presence of a normal sense of smell, it has been termed normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (nIHH).<ref>PMID:20139426</ref> <ref>PMID:12627230</ref> <ref>PMID:15001591</ref> <ref>PMID:15605412</ref> <ref>PMID:15845591</ref> <ref>PMID:16882753</ref> <ref>PMID:16764984</ref> <ref>PMID:16757108</ref> <ref>PMID:16606836</ref> <ref>PMID:17154279</ref>   Defects in FGFR1 are the cause of osteoglophonic dysplasia (OGD) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/166250 166250]; also known as osteoglophonic dwarfism. OGD is characterized by craniosynostosis, prominent supraorbital ridge, and depressed nasal bridge, as well as by rhizomelic dwarfism and nonossifying bone lesions. Inheritance is autosomal dominant.<ref>PMID:20139426</ref> <ref>PMID:15625620</ref> <ref>PMID:16470795</ref>   Defects in FGFR1 are the cause of trigonocephaly type 1 (TRIGNO1) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/190440 190440]. A keel-shaped deformation of the forehead resulting from premature fusion of the frontal suture. Trigonocephaly may occur also as a part of a syndrome.<ref>PMID:20139426</ref> <ref>PMID:11173846</ref>   Note=A chromosomal aberration involving FGFR1 may be a cause of stem cell leukemia lymphoma syndrome (SCLL). Translocation t(8;13)(p11;q12) with ZMYM2. SCLL usually presents as lymphoblastic lymphoma in association with a myeloproliferative disorder, often accompanied by pronounced peripheral eosinophilia and/or prominent eosinophilic infiltrates in the affected bone marrow.<ref>PMID:20139426</ref>   Note=A chromosomal aberration involving FGFR1 may be a cause of stem cell myeloproliferative disorder (MPD). Translocation t(6;8)(q27;p11) with FGFR1OP. Insertion ins(12;8)(p11;p11p22) with FGFR1OP2. MPD is characterized by myeloid hyperplasia, eosinophilia and T-cell or B-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. In general it progresses to acute myeloid leukemia. The fusion proteins FGFR1OP2-FGFR1, FGFR1OP-FGFR1 or FGFR1-FGFR1OP may exhibit constitutive kinase activity and be responsible for the transforming activity.  Note=A chromosomal aberration involving FGFR1 may be a cause of stem cell myeloproliferative disorder (MPD). Translocation t(8;9)(p12;q33) with CEP110. MPD is characterized by myeloid hyperplasia, eosinophilia and T-cell or B-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. In general it progresses to acute myeloid leukemia. The fusion protein CEP110-FGFR1 is found in the cytoplasm, exhibits constitutive kinase activity and may be responsible for the transforming activity.
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CSF1R_HUMAN CSF1R_HUMAN] Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as cell-surface receptor for CSF1 and IL34 and plays an essential role in the regulation of survival, proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells, especially mononuclear phagocytes, such as macrophages and monocytes. Promotes the release of proinflammatory chemokines in response to IL34 and CSF1, and thereby plays an important role in innate immunity and in inflammatory processes. Plays an important role in the regulation of osteoclast proliferation and differentiation, the regulation of bone resorption, and is required for normal bone and tooth development. Required for normal male and female fertility, and for normal development of milk ducts and acinar structures in the mammary gland during pregnancy. Promotes reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, regulates formation of membrane ruffles, cell adhesion and cell migration, and promotes cancer cell invasion. Activates several signaling pathways in response to ligand binding. Phosphorylates PIK3R1, PLCG2, GRB2, SLA2 and CBL. Activation of PLCG2 leads to the production of the cellular signaling molecules diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, that then lead to the activation of protein kinase C family members, especially PRKCD. Phosphorylation of PIK3R1, the regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, leads to activation of the AKT1 signaling pathway. Activated CSF1R also mediates activation of the MAP kinases MAPK1/ERK2 and/or MAPK3/ERK1, and of the SRC family kinases SRC, FYN and YES1. Activated CSF1R transmits signals both via proteins that directly interact with phosphorylated tyrosine residues in its intracellular domain, or via adapter proteins, such as GRB2. Promotes activation of STAT family members STAT3, STAT5A and/or STAT5B. Promotes tyrosine phosphorylation of SHC1 and INPP5D/SHIP-1. Receptor signaling is down-regulated by protein phosphatases, such as INPP5D/SHIP-1, that dephosphorylate the receptor and its downstream effectors, and by rapid internalization of the activated receptor.<ref>PMID:7683918</ref> <ref>PMID:12882960</ref> <ref>PMID:15117969</ref> <ref>PMID:16648572</ref> <ref>PMID:17121910</ref> <ref>PMID:16170366</ref> <ref>PMID:18467591</ref> <ref>PMID:18814279</ref> <ref>PMID:19934330</ref> <ref>PMID:20489731</ref> <ref>PMID:20829061</ref> <ref>PMID:20504948</ref> <ref>PMID:16337366</ref> <ref>PMID:19193011</ref> [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/FGFR1_HUMAN FGFR1_HUMAN] Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as cell-surface receptor for fibroblast growth factors and plays an essential role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Required for normal mesoderm patterning and correct axial organization during embryonic development, normal skeletogenesis and normal development of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuronal system. Phosphorylates PLCG1, FRS2, GAB1 and SHB. Ligand binding leads to the activation of several signaling cascades. Activation of PLCG1 leads to the production of the cellular signaling molecules diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. Phosphorylation of FRS2 triggers recruitment of GRB2, GAB1, PIK3R1 and SOS1, and mediates activation of RAS, MAPK1/ERK2, MAPK3/ERK1 and the MAP kinase signaling pathway, as well as of the AKT1 signaling pathway. Promotes phosphorylation of SHC1, STAT1 and PTPN11/SHP2. In the nucleus, enhances RPS6KA1 and CREB1 activity and contributes to the regulation of transcription. FGFR1 signaling is down-regulated by IL17RD/SEF, and by FGFR1 ubiquitination, internalization and degradation.<ref>PMID:20139426</ref> <ref>PMID:1379697</ref> <ref>PMID:1379698</ref> <ref>PMID:8622701</ref> <ref>PMID:8663044</ref> <ref>PMID:11353842</ref> <ref>PMID:12181353</ref> <ref>PMID:15117958</ref> <ref>PMID:16597617</ref> <ref>PMID:17623664</ref> <ref>PMID:17311277</ref> <ref>PMID:18480409</ref> <ref>PMID:19261810</ref> <ref>PMID:19224897</ref> <ref>PMID:21765395</ref> <ref>PMID:10830168</ref> <ref>PMID:19665973</ref> <ref>PMID:20133753</ref> 
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
A class of potent inhibitors of colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R or FMS), as exemplified by 8 and 21, was optimized to improve pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties and potential toxicological liabilities. Early stage absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion assays were employed to ensure the incorporation of druglike properties resulting in the selection of several compounds with good activity in a pharmacodynamic screening assay in mice. Further investigation, utilizing the type II collagen-induced arthritis model in mice, culminated in the selection of anti-inflammatory development candidate JNJ-28312141 (23, FMS IC(50) = 0.69 nM, cell assay IC(50) = 2.6 nM). Compound 23 also demonstrated efficacy in rat adjuvant and streptococcal cell wall-induced models of arthritis and has entered phase I clinical trials.

Optimization of a Potent Class of Arylamide Colony-Stimulating Factor-1 Receptor Inhibitors Leading to Anti-inflammatory Clinical Candidate 4-Cyano-N-[2-(1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-4-[1-[(dimethylamino)acetyl]-4-piperidiny l]phenyl]-1H-imidazole-2-carboxamide (JNJ-28312141).,Illig CR, Manthey CL, Wall MJ, Meegalla SK, Chen J, Wilson KJ, Ballentine SK, Desjarlais RL, Schubert C, Crysler CS, Chen Y, Molloy CJ, Chaikin MA, Donatelli RR, Yurkow E, Zhou Z, Player MR, Tomczuk BE J Med Chem. 2011 Nov 24;54(22):7860-83. Epub 2011 Oct 31. PMID:22039836<ref>PMID:22039836</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 3krl" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Colony-stimulating factor receptor 3D structures|Colony-stimulating factor receptor 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Schubert C]]