View source for 3lxa


==Interconversion of Human Lysosomal Enzyme Specificities==
<StructureSection load='3lxa' size='340' side='right'caption='[[3lxa]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 3.04&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3lxa]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3LXA OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3LXA FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 3.04&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=BMA:BETA-D-MANNOSE'>BMA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=GLA:ALPHA+D-GALACTOSE'>GLA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MAN:ALPHA-D-MANNOSE'>MAN</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NAG:N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE'>NAG</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3lxa FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3lxa OCA], [https://pdbe.org/3lxa PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3lxa RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3lxa PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3lxa ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/AGAL_HUMAN AGAL_HUMAN] Defects in GLA are the cause of Fabry disease (FD) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/301500 301500]. FD is a rare X-linked sphingolipidosis disease where glycolipid accumulates in many tissues. The disease consists of an inborn error of glycosphingolipid catabolism. FD patients show systemic accumulation of globotriaoslyceramide (Gb3) and related glycosphingolipids in the plasma and cellular lysosomes throughout the body. Clinical recognition in males results from characteristic skin lesions (angiokeratomas) over the lower trunk. Patients may show ocular deposits, febrile episodes, and burning pain in the extremities. Death results from renal failure, cardiac or cerebral complications of hypertension or other vascular disease. Heterozygous females may exhibit the disorder in an attenuated form, they are more likely to show corneal opacities.<ref>PMID:2152885</ref> <ref>PMID:1846223</ref> <ref>PMID:2171331</ref> <ref>PMID:2539398</ref> <ref>PMID:1315715</ref> <ref>PMID:7504405</ref> <ref>PMID:8395937</ref> <ref>PMID:8069316</ref> <ref>PMID:7531540</ref> <ref>PMID:7575533</ref> <ref>PMID:7759078</ref> <ref>PMID:7599642</ref> <ref>PMID:7596372</ref> <ref>PMID:8738659</ref> <ref>PMID:8875188</ref> <ref>PMID:8834244</ref> <ref>PMID:8931708</ref> <ref>PMID:8807334</ref> <ref>PMID:8863162</ref> <ref>PMID:9105656</ref> <ref>PMID:9100224</ref> <ref>PMID:9554750</ref> <ref>PMID:9452068</ref> <ref>PMID:9452090</ref> <ref>PMID:9452111</ref> <ref>PMID:10208848</ref> <ref>PMID:10090526</ref> <ref>PMID:10838196</ref> <ref>PMID:10666480</ref> <ref>PMID:11076046</ref> <ref>PMID:10916280</ref> <ref>PMID:11295840</ref> <ref>PMID:11668641</ref> <ref>PMID:11889412</ref> <ref>PMID:12694230</ref> <ref>PMID:12786754</ref> <ref>PMID:15162124</ref> <ref>PMID:15712228</ref> <ref>PMID:16533976</ref> <ref>PMID:19621417</ref> 
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/AGAL_HUMAN AGAL_HUMAN] 
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
  <jmolCheckbox>
    <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/lx/3lxa_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
    <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview03.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
    <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
  </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=3lxa ConSurf].
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
The human lysosomal enzymes alpha-galactosidase (alpha-GAL, EC 3.2.1.22) and alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase (alpha-NAGAL, EC 3.2.1.49) share 46% amino acid sequence identity and have similar folds. The active sites of the two enzymes share 11 of 13 amino acids, differing only where they interact with the 2-position of the substrates. Using a rational protein engineering approach, we interconverted the enzymatic specificity of alpha- GAL and alpha-NAGAL. The engineered alpha-GAL (which we call alpha-GAL(SA)) retains the antigenicity of alpha-GAL but has acquired the enzymatic specificity of alpha-NAGAL. Conversely, the engineered alpha-NAGAL (which we call alpha-NAGAL(EL)) retains the antigenicity of alpha-NAGAL but has acquired the enzymatic specificity of the alpha-GAL enzyme. Comparison of the crystal structures of the designed enzyme alpha-GAL(SA) to the wild-type enzymes shows that active sites of alpha-GAL(SA) and alpha-NAGAL superimpose well, indicating success of the rational design. The designed enzymes might be useful as non-immunogenic alternatives in enzyme replacement therapy for treatment of lysosomal storage disorders such as Fabry disease.

Interconversion of the specificities of human lysosomal enzymes associated with Fabry and Schindler diseases.,Tomasic IB, Metcalf MC, Guce AI, Clark NE, Garman SC J Biol Chem. 2010 Jul 9;285(28):21560-6. Epub 2010 May 5. PMID:20444686<ref>PMID:20444686</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 3lxa" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Galactosidase 3D structures|Galactosidase 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Clark NE]]
[[Category: Garman SC]]
[[Category: Guce AI]]
[[Category: Metcalf MC]]
[[Category: Tomasic IB]]