View source for 3qj4


==Crystal structure of Human Renalase (isoform 1)==
<StructureSection load='3qj4' size='340' side='right'caption='[[3qj4]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.50&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3qj4]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3QJ4 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3QJ4 FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.5&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=FAD:FLAVIN-ADENINE+DINUCLEOTIDE'>FAD</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SO4:SULFATE+ION'>SO4</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3qj4 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3qj4 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/3qj4 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3qj4 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3qj4 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3qj4 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RNLS_HUMAN RNLS_HUMAN] Probable FAD-dependent amine oxidase secreted by the kidney, which circulates in blood and modulates cardiac function and systemic blood pressure. Degrades catecholamines such as dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine in vitro. Lowers blood pressure in vivo by decreasing cardiac contractility and heart rate and preventing a compensatory increase in peripheral vascular tone, suggesting a causal link to the increased plasma catecholamine and heightened cardiovascular risk. High concentrations of catecholamines activate plasma renalase and promotes its secretion and synthesis (By similarity). According to PubMed:17385068, is unlikely that renalase has physiologically relevant catecholamine-oxidizing activity.<ref>PMID:15841207</ref> <ref>PMID:17385068</ref> 
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Renalase is a recently discovered flavoprotein that regulates blood pressure, regulates sodium and phosphate excretion, and displays cardioprotectant action through a mechanism that is barely understood to date. It has been proposed to act as a catecholamine-degrading enzyme, via either O(2)-dependent or NADH-dependent mechanisms. Here we report the renalase crystal structure at 2.5 A resolution together with new data on its interaction with nicotinamide dinucleotides. Renalase adopts the p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase fold topology, comprising a Rossmann-fold-based flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-binding domain and a putative substrate-binding domain, the latter of which contains a five-stranded anti-parallel beta-sheet. A large cavity (228 A(3)), facing the flavin ring, presumably represents the active site. Compared to monoamine oxidase or polyamine oxidase, the renalase active site is fully solvent exposed and lacks an 'aromatic cage' for binding the substrate amino group. Renalase has an extremely low diaphorase activity, displaying lower k(cat) but higher k(cat)/K(m) for NADH compared to NADPH. Moreover, its FAD prosthetic group becomes slowly reduced when it is incubated with NADPH under anaerobiosis, and binds NAD(+) or NADP(+) with K(d) values of ca 2 mM. The absence of a recognizable NADP-binding site in the protein structure and its poor affinity for, and poor reactivity towards, NADH and NADPH suggest that these are not physiological ligands of renalase. Although our study does not answer the question on the catalytic activity of renalase, it provides a firm framework for testing hypotheses on the molecular mechanism of its action.

FAD-Binding Site and NADP Reactivity in Human Renalase: A New Enzyme Involved in Blood Pressure Regulation.,Milani M, Ciriello F, Baroni S, Pandini V, Canevari G, Bolognesi M, Aliverti A J Mol Biol. 2011 Jun 14. PMID:21699903<ref>PMID:21699903</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 3qj4" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Monoamine oxidase|Monoamine oxidase]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Aliverti A]]
[[Category: Baroni S]]
[[Category: Bolognesi M]]
[[Category: Canevari G]]
[[Category: Ciriello F]]
[[Category: Milani M]]
[[Category: Pandini V]]