View source for 3ql9


==Monoclinic complex structure of ATRX ADD bound to histone H3K9me3 peptide==
<StructureSection load='3ql9' size='340' side='right'caption='[[3ql9]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 0.93&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3ql9]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3QL9 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3QL9 FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 0.93&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=M3L:N-TRIMETHYLLYSINE'>M3L</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3ql9 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3ql9 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/3ql9 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3ql9 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3ql9 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3ql9 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ATRX_HUMAN ATRX_HUMAN] Defects in ATRX are the cause of alpha-thalassemia mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/301040 301040]. ATR-X is an X-linked disorder comprising severe psychomotor retardation, facial dysmorphism, urogenital abnormalities, and alpha-thalassemia. An essential phenotypic trait are hemoglobin H erythrocyte inclusions.<ref>PMID:8968741</ref> <ref>PMID:7697714</ref> <ref>PMID:9043863</ref> <ref>PMID:9326931</ref> <ref>PMID:10660327</ref> <ref>PMID:10417298</ref> <ref>PMID:10204841</ref> <ref>PMID:10995512</ref> <ref>PMID:12116232</ref> <ref>PMID:16955409</ref>   Defects in ATRX are the cause of mental retardation syndromic X-linked with hypotonic facies syndrome type 1 (MRXSHF1) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/309580 309580]; also called Carpenter-Waziri syndrome (CWS), Juberg-Marsidi syndrome (JMS), Smith-Fineman-Myers syndrome type 1 (SFM1). Clinical features include severe mental retardation, dysmorphic facies, and a highly skewed X-inactivation pattern in carrier women. Other more variable features include hypogonadism, deafness, renal anomalies, and mild skeletal defects.<ref>PMID:10751095</ref> <ref>PMID:8630485</ref> <ref>PMID:10398237</ref> <ref>PMID:11050622</ref> <ref>PMID:16222662</ref> <ref>PMID:15565397</ref>   Defects in ATRX are a cause of alpha-thalassemia myelodysplasia syndrome (ATMDS) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/300448 300448]. In this disorder, alpha-thalassemia occurs as an acquired abnormality in association with a multilineage myelodysplasia.<ref>PMID:12858175</ref> 
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ATRX_HUMAN ATRX_HUMAN] Could be a global transcriptional regulator. Modifies gene expression by affecting chromatin. May be involved in brain development and facial morphogenesis.
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
ATR-X (alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation, X-linked) syndrome is a human congenital disorder that causes severe intellectual disabilities. Mutations in the ATRX gene, which encodes an ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeler, are responsible for the syndrome. Approximately 50% of the missense mutations in affected persons are clustered in a cysteine-rich domain termed ADD (ATRX-DNMT3-DNMT3L, ADD(ATRX)), whose function has remained elusive. Here we identify ADD(ATRX) as a previously unknown histone H3-binding module, whose binding is promoted by lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) but inhibited by lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3). The cocrystal structure of ADD(ATRX) bound to H3(1-15)K9me3 peptide reveals an atypical composite H3K9me3-binding pocket, which is distinct from the conventional trimethyllysine-binding aromatic cage. Notably, H3K9me3-pocket mutants and ATR-X syndrome mutants are defective in both H3K9me3 binding and localization at pericentromeric heterochromatin; thus, we have discovered a unique histone-recognition mechanism underlying the ATR-X etiology.

ATRX ADD domain links an atypical histone methylation recognition mechanism to human mental-retardation syndrome.,Iwase S, Xiang B, Ghosh S, Ren T, Lewis PW, Cochrane JC, Allis CD, Picketts DJ, Patel DJ, Li H, Shi Y Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2011 Jun 12;18(7):769-76. doi: 10.1038/nsmb.2062. PMID:21666679<ref>PMID:21666679</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 3ql9" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Helicase 3D structures|Helicase 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Li H]]
[[Category: Xiang B]]