View source for 3uyx


==Crystal structures of globular head of 2009 pandemic H1N1 hemagglutinin==
<StructureSection load='3uyx' size='340' side='right'caption='[[3uyx]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.80&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3uyx]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I09a0 I09a0]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3UYX OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3UYX FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=NO3:NITRATE+ION'>NO3</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><div style='overflow: auto; max-height: 3em;'>[[3al4|3al4]], [[3uyw|3uyw]]</div></td></tr>
<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">HA ([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=641501 I09A0])</td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3uyx FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3uyx OCA], [https://pdbe.org/3uyx PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3uyx RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3uyx PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3uyx ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/C3W5S1_I09A0 C3W5S1_I09A0]] Binds to sialic acid-containing receptors on the cell surface, bringing about the attachment of the virus particle to the cell. This attachment induces virion internalization of about two third of the virus particles through clathrin-dependent endocytosis and about one third through a clathrin- and caveolin-independent pathway. Plays a major role in the determination of host range restriction and virulence. Class I viral fusion protein. Responsible for penetration of the virus into the cell cytoplasm by mediating the fusion of the membrane of the endocytosed virus particle with the endosomal membrane. Low pH in endosomes induces an irreversible conformational change in HA2, releasing the fusion hydrophobic peptide. Several trimers are required to form a competent fusion pore (By similarity).[SAAS:SAAS013829_004_327643][RuleBase:RU003324] 
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
There is a great need for new vaccine development against influenza A viruses due to the drawbacks of traditional vaccines that are mainly prepared using embryonated eggs. The main component of the current split influenza A virus vaccine is viral hemagglutinin (HA) which induces a strong antibody-mediated immune response. To develop a modern vaccine against influenza A viruses, the current research has been focused on the universal vaccines targeting viral M2, NP and HA proteins. Crystallographic studies have shown that HA forms a trimer embedded on the viral envelope surface, and each monomer consists of a globular head (HA1) and a "rod-like" stalk region (HA2), the latter being more conserved among different HA subtypes and being the primary target for universal vaccines. In this study, we rationally designed the HA head based on the crystal structure of the 2009-pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus HA as a model, tested its immunogenicity in mice, solved its crystal structure and further examined its immunological characteristics. The results show that the HA globular head can be easily prepared by in vitro refolding in an E. coli expression system, which maintains its intact structure and allows for the stimulation of a strong immune response. Together with recent reports on some similar HA globular head preparations we conclude that structure-based rational design of the HA globular head can be used for subtype-specific vaccines against influenza viruses.

Structural vaccinology: structure-based design of influenza A virus hemagglutinin subtype-specific subunit vaccines.,Xuan C, Shi Y, Qi J, Zhang W, Xiao H, Gao GF Protein Cell. 2011 Dec;2(12):997-1005. Epub 2012 Jan 10. PMID:22231357<ref>PMID:22231357</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 3uyx" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Hemagglutinin 3D structures|Hemagglutinin 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: I09a0]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Gao, G F]]
[[Category: Qi, J X]]
[[Category: Shi, Y]]
[[Category: Xiao, H X]]
[[Category: Xuan, C L]]
[[Category: Influenza virus]]
[[Category: Subunit vaccine]]
[[Category: Viral protein]]