View source for 4acm


==CDK2 IN COMPLEX WITH 3-AMINO-6-(4-{[2-(DIMETHYLAMINO)ETHYL]SULFAMOYL}-PHENYL)-N-PYRIDIN-3-YLPYRAZINE-2-CARBOXAMIDE==
<StructureSection load='4acm' size='340' side='right'caption='[[4acm]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.63&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4acm]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4ACM OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4ACM FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.63&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=7YG:3-AMINO-6-(4-{[2-(DIMETHYLAMINO)ETHYL]SULFAMOYL}PHENYL)-N-PYRIDIN-3-YLPYRAZINE-2-CARBOXAMIDE'>7YG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ACE:ACETYL+GROUP'>ACE</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=GOL:GLYCEROL'>GOL</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4acm FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4acm OCA], [https://pdbe.org/4acm PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4acm RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4acm PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=4acm ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CDK2_HUMAN CDK2_HUMAN] Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in the control of the cell cycle; essential for meiosis, but dispensable for mitosis. Phosphorylates CTNNB1, USP37, p53/TP53, NPM1, CDK7, RB1, BRCA2, MYC, NPAT, EZH2. Interacts with cyclins A, B1, B3, D, or E. Triggers duplication of centrosomes and DNA. Acts at the G1-S transition to promote the E2F transcriptional program and the initiation of DNA synthesis, and modulates G2 progression; controls the timing of entry into mitosis/meiosis by controlling the subsequent activation of cyclin B/CDK1 by phosphorylation, and coordinates the activation of cyclin B/CDK1 at the centrosome and in the nucleus. Crucial role in orchestrating a fine balance between cellular proliferation, cell death, and DNA repair in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Activity of CDK2 is maximal during S phase and G2; activated by interaction with cyclin E during the early stages of DNA synthesis to permit G1-S transition, and subsequently activated by cyclin A2 (cyclin A1 in germ cells) during the late stages of DNA replication to drive the transition from S phase to mitosis, the G2 phase. EZH2 phosphorylation promotes H3K27me3 maintenance and epigenetic gene silencing. Phosphorylates CABLES1 (By similarity). Cyclin E/CDK2 prevents oxidative stress-mediated Ras-induced senescence by phosphorylating MYC. Involved in G1-S phase DNA damage checkpoint that prevents cells with damaged DNA from initiating mitosis; regulates homologous recombination-dependent repair by phosphorylating BRCA2, this phosphorylation is low in S phase when recombination is active, but increases as cells progress towards mitosis. In response to DNA damage, double-strand break repair by homologous recombination a reduction of CDK2-mediated BRCA2 phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of RB1 disturbs its interaction with E2F1. NPM1 phosphorylation by cyclin E/CDK2 promotes its dissociates from unduplicated centrosomes, thus initiating centrosome duplication. Cyclin E/CDK2-mediated phosphorylation of NPAT at G1-S transition and until prophase stimulates the NPAT-mediated activation of histone gene transcription during S phase. Required for vitamin D-mediated growth inhibition by being itself inactivated. Involved in the nitric oxide- (NO) mediated signaling in a nitrosylation/activation-dependent manner. USP37 is activated by phosphorylation and thus triggers G1-S transition. CTNNB1 phosphorylation regulates insulin internalization.<ref>PMID:10499802</ref> <ref>PMID:11051553</ref> <ref>PMID:10995386</ref> <ref>PMID:10995387</ref> <ref>PMID:10884347</ref> <ref>PMID:11113184</ref> <ref>PMID:15800615</ref> <ref>PMID:18372919</ref> <ref>PMID:20147522</ref> <ref>PMID:20079829</ref> <ref>PMID:20935635</ref> <ref>PMID:20195506</ref> <ref>PMID:19966300</ref> <ref>PMID:21262353</ref> <ref>PMID:21596315</ref> <ref>PMID:21319273</ref> <ref>PMID:17495531</ref> 
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta, also called tau phosphorylating kinase, is a proline-directed serine/threonine kinase which was originally identified due to its role in glycogen metabolism. Active forms of GSK3beta localize to pretangle pathology including dystrophic neuritis and neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. By using a high throughput screening (HTS) approach to search for new chemical series and cocrystallization of key analogues to guide the optimization and synthesis of our pyrazine series, we have developed highly potent and selective inhibitors showing cellular efficacy and blood-brain barrier penetrance. The inhibitors are suitable for in vivo efficacy testing and may serve as a new treatment strategy for Alzheimer's disease.

Discovery of Novel Potent and Highly Selective Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3beta (GSK3beta) Inhibitors for Alzheimer's Disease: Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Pyrazines.,Berg S, Bergh M, Hellberg S, Hogdin K, Lo-Alfredsson Y, Soderman P, von Berg S, Weigelt T, Ormo M, Xue Y, Tucker J, Neelissen J, Jerning E, Nilsson Y, Bhat R J Med Chem. 2012 Apr 27. PMID:22489897<ref>PMID:22489897</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 4acm" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Cyclin-dependent kinase 3D structures|Cyclin-dependent kinase 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Anderson M]]
[[Category: Berg S]]
[[Category: Bergh M]]
[[Category: Bhat R]]
[[Category: Brassington C]]
[[Category: Hellberg S]]
[[Category: Hogdin K]]
[[Category: Jerning E]]
[[Category: Lo-Alfredsson Y]]
[[Category: Neelissen J]]
[[Category: Nilsson Y]]
[[Category: Ormo M]]
[[Category: Soderman P]]
[[Category: Stanway J]]
[[Category: Tucker J]]
[[Category: Weigelt T]]
[[Category: Xue Y]]
[[Category: Von Berg S]]