View source for 4axa


==Structure of PKA-PKB chimera complexed with (1S)-2-amino-1-(4- chlorophenyl)-1-(4-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)phenyl)ethan-1-ol==
<StructureSection load='4axa' size='340' side='right'caption='[[4axa]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.90&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4axa]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bos_taurus Bos taurus] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4AXA OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4AXA FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.9&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=RKD:(2S)-2-(4-CHLOROPHENYL)-2-HYDROXY-2-[4-(1H-PYRAZOL-4-YL)PHENYL]ETHANAMINIUM'>RKD</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SEP:PHOSPHOSERINE'>SEP</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=TPO:PHOSPHOTHREONINE'>TPO</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4axa FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4axa OCA], [https://pdbe.org/4axa PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4axa RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4axa PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=4axa ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/KAPCA_BOVIN KAPCA_BOVIN] Phosphorylates a large number of substrates in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Regulates the abundance of compartmentalized pools of its regulatory subunits through phosphorylation of PJA2 which binds and ubiquitinates these subunits, leading to their subsequent proteolysis. Phosphorylates CDC25B, ABL1, NFKB1, CLDN3, PSMC5/RPT6, PJA2, RYR2, RORA, TRPC1 and VASP. RORA is activated by phosphorylation. Required for glucose-mediated adipogenic differentiation increase and osteogenic differentiation inhibition from osteoblasts. Involved in the regulation of platelets in response to thrombin and collagen; maintains circulating platelets in a resting state by phosphorylating proteins in numerous platelet inhibitory pathways when in complex with NF-kappa-B (NFKB1 and NFKB2) and I-kappa-B-alpha (NFKBIA), but thrombin and collagen disrupt these complexes and free active PRKACA stimulates platelets and leads to platelet aggregation by phosphorylating VASP. Prevents the antiproliferative and anti-invasive effects of alpha-difluoromethylornithine in breast cancer cells when activated. RYR2 channel activity is potentiated by phosphorylation in presence of luminal Ca(2+), leading to reduced amplitude and increased frequency of store overload-induced Ca(2+) release (SOICR) characterized by an increased rate of Ca(2+) release and propagation velocity of spontaneous Ca(2+) waves, despite reduced wave amplitude and resting cytosolic Ca(2+). TRPC1 activation by phosphorylation promotes Ca(2+) influx, essential for the increase in permeability induced by thrombin in confluent endothelial monolayers. PSMC5/RPT6 activation by phosphorylation stimulates proteasome. Regulates negatively tight junction (TJs) in ovarian cancer cells via CLDN3 phosphorylation. NFKB1 phosphorylation promotes NF-kappa-B p50-p50 DNA binding. Involved in embryonic development by down-regulating the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway that determines embryo pattern formation and morphogenesis. Isoform 2 phosphorylates and activates ABL1 in sperm flagellum to promote spermatozoa capacitation. Prevents meiosis resumption in prophase-arrested oocytes via CDC25B inactivation by phosphorylation. May also regulate rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in the pedunculopontine tegmental (PPT) (By similarity).
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
PURPOSE: Deregulated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway signaling through AGC kinases including AKT, p70S6 kinase, PKA, SGK and Rho kinase is a key driver of multiple cancers. The simultaneous inhibition of multiple AGC kinases may increase antitumor activity and minimize clinical resistance compared with a single pathway component. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We investigated the detailed pharmacology and antitumor activity of the novel clinical drug candidate AT13148, an oral ATP-competitive multi-AGC kinase inhibitor. Gene expression microarray studies were undertaken to characterize the molecular mechanisms of action of AT13148. RESULTS: AT13148 caused substantial blockade of AKT, p70S6K, PKA, ROCK, and SGK substrate phosphorylation and induced apoptosis in a concentration and time-dependent manner in cancer cells with clinically relevant genetic defects in vitro and in vivo. Antitumor efficacy in HER2-positive, PIK3CA-mutant BT474 breast, PTEN-deficient PC3 human prostate cancer, and PTEN-deficient MES-SA uterine tumor xenografts was shown. We show for the first time that induction of AKT phosphorylation at serine 473 by AT13148, as reported for other ATP-competitive inhibitors of AKT, is not a therapeutically relevant reactivation step. Gene expression studies showed that AT13148 has a predominant effect on apoptosis genes, whereas the selective AKT inhibitor CCT128930 modulates cell-cycle genes. Induction of upstream regulators including IRS2 and PIK3IP1 as a result of compensatory feedback loops was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical candidate AT13148 is a novel oral multi-AGC kinase inhibitor with potent pharmacodynamic and antitumor activity, which shows a distinct mechanism of action from other AKT inhibitors. AT13148 will now be assessed in a first-in-human phase I trial. Clin Cancer Res; 18(14); 3912-23. (c)2012 AACR.

AT13148 Is a Novel, Oral Multi-AGC Kinase Inhibitor with Potent Pharmacodynamic and Antitumor Activity.,Yap TA, Walton MI, Grimshaw KM, Te Poele RH, Eve PD, Valenti MR, de Haven Brandon AK, Martins V, Zetterlund A, Heaton SP, Heinzmann K, Jones PS, Feltell RE, Reule M, Woodhead SJ, Davies TG, Lyons JF, Raynaud FI, Eccles SA, Workman P, Thompson NT, Garrett MD Clin Cancer Res. 2012 Jul 15;18(14):3912-23. Epub 2012 Jul 10. PMID:22781553<ref>PMID:22781553</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 4axa" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[CAMP-dependent protein kinase 3D structures|CAMP-dependent protein kinase 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Bos taurus]]
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Davies TG]]
[[Category: Eccles SA]]
[[Category: Eve PD]]
[[Category: Feltell RE]]
[[Category: Garrett MD]]
[[Category: Grimshaw KM]]
[[Category: Heaton SP]]
[[Category: Heinzmann K]]
[[Category: Jones PS]]
[[Category: Lyons JF]]
[[Category: Martins V]]
[[Category: Raynaud FI]]
[[Category: Reule M]]
[[Category: Thompson NT]]
[[Category: Valenti MR]]
[[Category: Walton MI]]
[[Category: Woodhead SJ]]
[[Category: Workman P]]
[[Category: Yap TA]]
[[Category: Zetterlund A]]
[[Category: DeHavenBrandon AK]]
[[Category: TePoele RH]]